高速机床主轴轴承预紧力研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 09:50

本文选题：主轴轴承组合 + 轴承预紧　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：滚动轴承具有承载能力强、转速及温度适用范围广、自身能耗低、维护更换方便等诸多优点。高速机床主轴是高速精密机床的核心部件,其支撑轴承组合多采用角接触球轴承,所以角接触球轴承的性能直接影响高速精密机床的整体性能。为了提高主轴的使用寿命、回转精度和支撑刚度等,需要对主轴轴承施加一定的轴向预紧力,随着主轴转度的提高,对预紧技术的要求也越来越高。本文基于Matlab编程,对高速机床主轴轴承组合的预紧力设计进行了研究,主要工作如下：对国内外滚动轴承基本理论和主轴轴承应用中预紧技术的研究进行了简要的概述,指出随着高速机床的发展对于轴承技术的要求也越来越高,预紧力的合理选择和控制能很好的提高轴承的使用性能,并结合机床应用需要对本文的研究目标和内容进行了概述。根据轴承的基本理论总结了轴承参数之间的基本计算关系,对角接触球轴承典型静力学和拟静力学分析方法进行了总结和改进,得出了球轴承在给定载荷作用下的接触角及接触载荷等的计算方法,在力学分析的基础上给出了轴承刚度的计算方法。结合当前的滚动轴承理论和主轴轴承特点,给出了适用于高速机床具有一般性的预紧力设计方法,包括预紧刚度的计算和主轴轴承组合温升的精确计算,并根据当前高速机床主轴结构特点,总结了高速机床主轴广泛采用的轴承组合支承结构,为以后高速机床的预紧力设计奠定了基础。在轴承基本理论的基础上,给出了高速机床典型轴承组合结构的静力学和拟静力学分析方法,并分别给出了轴向预紧力及给定联合载荷下的分析方法,通过数值求解,在给定工况下计算了角接触球轴承组合的载荷分配、接触载荷、接触角等特性,分析了载荷、尺寸偏差、沟曲率半径系数及转速等对轴承性能的影响,其中以分析影响轴承组合中载荷分配的因素为主。通过理论计算,说明了轴承组合中考虑尺寸偏差的必要性。最后,根据静力学和拟静力学分析的结果计算预紧载荷和转速对于轴承刚度的影响,结合机床工作时的刚度要求,可以为轴承组合预紧力的设计提供依据。
[Abstract]:The high - speed machine tool spindle is the core part of the high - speed precision machine tool , and its supporting bearing assembly adopts angular contact ball bearing , so the performance of angular contact ball bearing directly affects the whole performance of high - speed precision machine tool .

The basic theory of rolling bearing at home and abroad and the research of pre - tightening technique in the application of spindle bearing are summarized . It is pointed out that with the development of high - speed machine tools , the requirement of bearing technology is getting higher and higher , the reasonable selection and control of pre - tightening force can improve the service performance of the bearing well , and the research object and content of this paper are summarized in combination with the application of machine tool .

Based on the basic theory of the bearing , the basic calculation relation between the bearing parameters , the typical static mechanics and the quasi - static analysis method of the diagonal contact ball bearing are summarized and improved , and the calculation method of the contact angle and the contact load of the ball bearing under a given load is obtained , and the calculation method of the bearing stiffness is given on the basis of the mechanical analysis .

Combined with the current rolling bearing theory and the characteristics of spindle bearing , this paper presents the design method of pre - tightening force suitable for high - speed machine tool , including the calculation of pre - tightening stiffness and the precise calculation of the combined temperature rise of the main shaft bearing , and based on the characteristics of the main shaft structure of the current high - speed machine tool , the bearing combination supporting structure widely adopted by the main shaft of the high - speed machine tool is summarized , which lays a foundation for the design of the pre - tightening force of the high - speed machine tool .

Based on the basic theory of bearing , the static and quasi - static analysis method of typical bearing combination structure of high - speed machine tool is presented . The influence of load , size deviation , radius coefficient of groove curvature and rotating speed on the bearing performance is analyzed by numerical solution . The influence of load , size deviation , groove curvature radius coefficient and rotation speed on the bearing performance is analyzed .

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH133.3

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