高速气动机构随动缓冲研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 16:44

本文选题：高速气动机构 + 随动缓冲　；参考：《南京理工大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在一些特殊操作场合,例如高速推进,由高速气缸构成的气动机构与其他传动方式相比具有不可替代的优点,然而,气缸高速运动势必会在行程末端产生不期望的冲击力,这不仅会影响机构的使用寿命,严重的会因强烈的碰撞导致推进的易燃易爆负载产生燃爆而危及人身或设备安全。因此,高速气动机构的缓冲问题具有十分重要的研究意义。本文为解决高速气缸在驱动负载运动时,要求其活塞在行程中间任意位置停止的缓冲问题,构建了高速气动机构随动缓冲实验平台,分别通过应用传统控制理论和实验回归的方法建立了高速气动系统的随动缓冲控制模型,并用实验的方法分别验证了所建立的两种模型的实际缓冲控制效果。实验结果表明基本实现了预期的研究目标。论文完成的主要研究工作包括以下几个方面： (1)为了满足某些特定气动机构的实际工作需要,针对气动机构的具体实验要求,通过对比多套实验方案,构建了高速气动机构随动缓冲实验平台,编制了随动缓冲控制和数据采集程序。 (2)针对高速气动机构及其缓冲问题进行了较深入的理论分析,建立了气缸运动数学模型,提出了气缸活塞运动过程中摩擦力的计算方法,针对本文中特定气动机构活塞的运动规律,分阶段对活塞运动的动特性进行了分析,并分别用理论建模及实验回归的方法建立了系统随动缓冲控制方法模型。理论建模方面,用传统控制理论的方法分别求解出了活塞运动各阶段的传递函数,绘制了系统控制框图；实验回归方面,通过对实验数据的分析建立了系统控制模型,并通过显著性检验和实验数据预测的方法判定了回归模型具有较好的关联性。 (3)通过实验分别验证了理论方法和回归方法所建模型的正确性。实验中通过设置不同的负载质量和活塞工作点位置,将没有进行任何缓冲控制时活塞及负载对限位板的冲击力与分别采用理论控制模型和回归控制模型进行控制后的冲击力进行对比,对比结果表明,采用传统控制理论和实验回归的方法所建立的两种控制模型来控制本套气动机构进行随动缓冲实验,都能极大地减小气缸活塞对限位板的冲击力,均达到了较好的缓冲效果。
[Abstract]:In some special operating situations, such as high speed propulsion, the pneumatic mechanism made up of high speed cylinders has irreplaceable advantages over other transmission modes. However, the high speed motion of the cylinder is bound to produce unexpected impact force at the end of the stroke. This will not only affect the service life of the mechanism, but also endanger the safety of the person or equipment due to the explosion of the propelling flammable and explosive load caused by the strong collision. Therefore, the buffer problem of high-speed pneumatic mechanism is of great significance. In order to solve the buffer problem of the high-speed cylinder which requires the piston to stop at any position in the middle of the stroke, a high-speed pneumatic mechanism servo buffer experimental platform is constructed in order to solve the problem that the high-speed cylinder is required to stop at any position in the middle of the stroke. By using the traditional control theory and the experimental regression method, the following buffer control model of the high-speed pneumatic system is established, and the actual buffer control effect of the two models is verified by the experimental method. The experimental results show that the expected research objectives have been basically achieved. The main research work of the thesis includes the following aspects: In order to meet the practical work needs of some specific pneumatic mechanism, according to the specific experimental requirements of the pneumatic mechanism, a high-speed pneumatic mechanism servo buffer experimental platform is constructed by comparing many experimental schemes. The following buffering control and data acquisition program are worked out. The mathematical model of cylinder motion is established, and the calculation method of friction force in the process of cylinder piston motion is put forward. According to the motion law of piston in this paper, the dynamic characteristics of piston are analyzed in different stages, and the model of system following buffer control is established by theoretical modeling and experimental regression method. In the aspect of theoretical modeling, the transfer function of each stage of piston motion is solved by the method of traditional control theory, and the control block diagram of the system is drawn, and the system control model is established by analyzing the experimental data in the aspect of experimental regression. The correlation of regression model was determined by significance test and experimental data prediction. 3) the correctness of the models established by the theoretical method and the regression method is verified by experiments. In the experiment, by setting different load mass and piston working point, The impact force of piston and load on the limit plate without any buffer control is compared with the impact force controlled by the theoretical control model and the regression control model respectively. The comparison results show that, The two control models established by the traditional control theory and the experimental regression method are used to control the servo and buffer experiments of the pneumatic mechanism, both of which can greatly reduce the impact force of the cylinder piston on the limit plate and achieve a better buffer effect.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH138.9

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