400吨汽车起重机方案设计阶段的有限元计算

发布时间：2018-05-12 16:02

本文选题：起重机 + 方案设计　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：大型起重机新产品的开发设计过程极其复杂、繁琐,包括结构设计、液压系统设计、电动和电控系统设计等。仅就结构设计来说就需要考虑结构的强度、刚度、稳定性等诸多因素,这里就必然要涉及到大量的力学计算,怎样使起重机方案设计阶段复杂的计算过程变得直观、高效、可靠,就是本文研究的主要内容。起重机方案设计过程中比较传统的计算方法,就是依靠起重机结构力学、材料力学、弹性力学等基础力学理论,通过对结构进行大量的简化和等效来得出近似的计算结果。这种处理方法由于对结构简化过度,所得出的结果精度不高,并且对于结构局部的详细受力状况无法体现。此外,受起重机工作状态复杂多变的影响,计算中所需的参数变量也不易获取,导致计算过程非常繁琐。随着力学学科发展水平的不断提高和电子计算机技术的飞速发展,数值计算方法以其显著的精确性和高效性逐步取代了传统计算方法在工程设计过程中的地位,其中有限单元法的应用范围最为广泛,也不断涌现出了一批优秀的通用有限元计算软件,使结构设计过程中的力学计算变得简单而直观,大大缩短了产品的设计周期。但是在起重机设计领域有限元方法的应用尚处于起步阶段,有很多具体问题需要研究,例如起重机臂架间连接关系的处理,起重机在遭受冲击载荷时的动态响应等。 ANSYS是一款优秀的通用有限元软件,它强大的求解器适合用于求解各种类型的力学模型。尤其是它的参数化语言APDL,能方便快捷地实现从建立物理模型到有限元分析及后处理的参数化过程,为我们最终实现起重机方案计算的程序化、自动化提供了很好的载体。本文在充分吸收传统算法中针对相关问题求解速度快等优点的基础之上,利用APDL语言开发出起重机方案设计计算的专属计算软件。本文详细介绍了对起重机方案设计方法的研究以及计算软件的开发过程,全文共分六章,具体内容如下：第一章大致介绍了汽车起重机的结构及其发展现状,并结合起重机生产厂商对设计方法的要求阐述了起重机的发展方向。简单介绍了起重机传统方案计算方法的基本理论及其优缺点,提出了新的解决办法并阐述了本文选题的工程实际意义。第二章通过对QAY400的整车结构以及各主要工作部件的结构形式和工作方式进行较为详细的介绍,对所要进行分析的结构有比较透彻的了解,以便在此基础上准确把握各个结构在力学分析时所应采用的简化方法。第三章具体介绍了起重机各个主要部件的结构简化方法以及有限元模型建立的方法和过程,并通过大量实验和理论分析确定了可行的模拟方法,以确保计算结果的准确性。通过这些具体的工作为后续的计算过程提供了可靠的有限元模型。第四章本章首先介绍了方案计算的目的以及它在起重机设计阶段的重要作用,通过大量的理论介绍搞清了方案计算的过程和基本理论,为后续的方案计算自动化程序的编写提供可靠的理论基础和实施方案。然后通过对校核工况的计算并分析其结果,以此来考察起重机设计方案的合理性,并在设计不够完善的环节提出修改建议。第五章通过对起重机实际产品的测试验证了方案计算程序计算结果的正确性,为计算程序的有效性提供了具体的数据支持。第六章对本文所做的工作做出总结,阐明方案计算程序的优点和尚需改进的地方,对未来所要进行的工作做出展望。起重机结构设计的方案计算在确定起重机的最终结构形式中起着非常重要的作用,在起重机的设计周期中占据着很长的时间,怎样最大限度地节省方案计算时间,缩短产品的设计周期是一项重要的工作。本文充分利用传统计算方法和有限单元法的优点,开发出起重机方案设计计算软件,为起重机的设计计算提供了实用可靠的方法。
[Abstract]:The development and design process of the new product of the large crane is extremely complex and complicated , including the structural design , the design of the hydraulic system , the design of the electric and electric control system , etc . It is necessary to take into account the many factors such as strength , rigidity and stability of the structure .

The traditional calculation method is compared with the traditional calculation method in the design process of the crane , which is based on the mechanics of the crane structure , material mechanics , elasticity mechanics and other basic mechanics theories .

ANSYS is an excellent general - purpose finite element software , and its powerful solver is suitable for solving various mechanical models , especially its parameterized language APDL , which can realize the parameterized process from establishing physical model to finite element analysis and post - processing .

This paper introduces in detail the research on the design method of crane and the process of software development . The whole text is divided into six chapters . The concrete contents are as follows :

In the first chapter , the structure and development status of the crane are introduced , and the development direction of the crane is described in detail with the requirements of the crane manufacturers in the design method . The basic theory and the advantages and disadvantages of the calculation method of the traditional scheme of the crane are briefly introduced . The new solution is put forward and the practical significance of the project selection is expounded .

In the second chapter , the structure of QAY400 and the structure and working methods of main working components are introduced in detail , and the structure of the structure to be analyzed is thoroughly understood , so as to accurately grasp the simplified method to be used in the mechanical analysis of each structure .

In chapter 3 , the structure simplification method of the main parts of the crane and the method and the process of the finite element model are introduced , and the feasible simulation method is determined through a lot of experiments and theoretical analysis , so as to ensure the accuracy of the calculation results .

In chapter 4 , the purpose of the scheme calculation and its important role in the design phase of the crane are introduced in this chapter , and the process and the basic theory of the scheme calculation are introduced through a large amount of theory , which provides a reliable theoretical basis and scheme for the preparation of the subsequent scheme calculation automation program . Then , the rationality of the design of the crane is investigated by the calculation of the check working condition and the results are analyzed , and suggestions are put forward in the link of insufficient design .

In the fifth chapter , the correctness of the calculation result of the scheme is verified by testing the actual product of the crane , and the concrete data support is provided for the validity of the calculation program .

Chapter 6 summarizes the work done in this paper , illustrates the advantages of the program calculation procedure and the place to be improved , and looks forward to the work to be done in the future .

The scheme calculation of crane ' s structural design plays a very important role in determining the final structure form of the crane . It takes a long time in the design cycle of the crane , how to save the calculation time of the scheme and shorten the design period of the product is an important work . This paper makes full use of the advantages of the traditional calculation method and the finite element method , develops the design calculation software of the crane , and provides a practical and reliable method for the design calculation of the crane .

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH213.6

【参考文献】