装载机工作装置性能分析及其综合优化设计

发布时间：2018-05-15 10:51

本文选题：工作装置 + 性能分析　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：过去由于缺乏现代设计理论和方法,人们靠经验手工计算、绘图,设计带有一定的盲目性,设计周期长、效率低,且对样机依赖性较大,难以满足市场对装载机产品系列化、多样化,以及产品快速更新换代的要求。工作装置是装载机的执行机构,工作装置的设计是装载机设计的最重要工作内容之一。工作装置性能的优劣,直接影响到装载机整机工作性能、效率、使用成本,乃至在市场上的竞争力和占有率。为进一步提高ZL50G型装载机整机的工作性能和作业效率,本文在进行运动学、动力学仿真研究的基础上,对ZL50G型装载机的工作装置进行了优化设计,并通过有限元解析和实验验证对优化设计的结果进行了验证。本文的主要工作内容和成果包括： (1)对国内外装载机及工作装置设计研究的现状以及今后的发展趋势进行了综述,根据目前装载机工作装置设计研究者存在的问题,提出了本研究的目的和工作任务； (2)对装载机工作装置——反转六连杆机构的结构、特点,设计参数、性能指标,典型作业工况、设计要求、设计方法等进行了概述。 (3)建立了工作装置的ADAMS仿真模型,并在相同的公共约束下,对设计变量对性能指标的影响规律进行了仿真研究：最大收斗角及其位置,一般位于动臂平伸及上限位置之间；连杆机构最大传力比出现在地面位置附近；最小值一处出现在下限收斗位置,另一处出现在上限卸料位置；动臂油缸的最大单位举升力矩在地面位置附近；铲斗和拉杆间传动角最大值、最小值分别出现在下限收斗位置附近及上限卸料位置；转斗油缸最小结构长度一般位于下限收斗位置及动臂平伸位置之间；从定量及定性两方面,对工作装置的平动性、动力性、卸料性、传动性等性能,进行了单参数设计变量及多参数设计变量的灵敏度分析,从仿真曲线可以看出,当设计变量小范围内变动时,性能变化趋势是线性的。在上述研究的基础上,对LW500K装载机的工作装置进行了综合优化设计。 (4)利用ANSYS软件对优化设计后的LW500K工作装置有限元数值解析,在正载及偏载两种工况下分析了动臂的应力情况,研究结果表明偏载铲掘工况是动臂失效的主要原因；相对于参考样机,每台整机动臂板的重量由844kg降低到776kg,并联合国家工程机械质量监督检验中心,对其进行了型式试验及1000小时强化试验。有限元分析和试验结果表明,经优化设计后的LW500K装载机的工作性能及作业效率得到了明显提升,动臂板轻量化设计是可行的。
[Abstract]:In the past, because of the lack of modern design theory and method, people rely on experience in manual calculation, drawing, design with certain blindness, long design cycle, low efficiency, and dependence on prototype, so it is difficult to meet the market series of loader products. Diversification, as well as rapid product upgrading requirements. The working device is the executive mechanism of the loader, and the design of the working device is one of the most important work contents of the loader design. The performance of the working device has a direct impact on the performance, efficiency, use cost, and even the competitiveness and share of the loader in the market. In order to further improve the working performance and efficiency of the ZL50G loader, this paper optimizes the design of the working device of the ZL50G loader on the basis of kinematics and dynamics simulation. The results of optimization design are verified by finite element analysis and experimental verification. The main contents and achievements of this paper include: 1) the present situation and development trend of the design of loaders and their working devices at home and abroad are summarized, and the purpose and task of this study are put forward according to the problems existing in the design of loader working devices at present; The structure, characteristics, design parameters, performance indexes, typical operating conditions, design requirements and design methods of the six-bar reverse linkage mechanism of the loader are summarized. (3) the ADAMS simulation model of the working device is established. Under the same common constraints, the influence of the design variables on the performance index is simulated. The maximum bucket angle and its position are generally between the upper and lower arm positions. The maximum transfer force ratio of the linkage mechanism appears near the ground position, the minimum value appears in the lower limit bucket position, the other in the upper limit discharge position, the maximum unit lift torque of the arm oil cylinder is near the ground position, and the maximum unit lift torque of the arm oil cylinder is near the ground position. The maximum transmission angle between the bucket and the pull rod, the minimum value appears near the lower limit bucket position and the upper limit discharge position respectively; the minimum structure length of the rotary bucket oil cylinder is generally between the lower limit bucket position and the moving arm flat extension position; from the quantitative and qualitative aspects, The sensitivity analysis of single parameter design variable and multi parameter design variable is carried out for the performance of the working device such as translational, dynamic, unloading and transmission. From the simulation curve, it can be seen that when the design variable changes in a small range, the sensitivity of the single parameter design variable and the multi parameter design variable are analyzed. The performance trend is linear. Based on the above research, the working device of LW500K loader is optimized. 4) the finite element numerical analysis of the optimized LW500K working device is made by using ANSYS software, and the stress of the arm is analyzed under both positive and eccentric loads. The results show that the main reason for the failure of the arm is the excavating condition of the load shovel. Compared with the reference prototype, the weight of the whole plate is reduced from 844kg to 776kg, and combined with the National Construction Machinery quality Supervision and Inspection Center, the type test and 1000 hours intensive test are carried out. The finite element analysis and experimental results show that the performance and efficiency of the LW500K loader have been improved obviously after the optimized design, and the lightweight design of the moving arm plate is feasible.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH243

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