高速电主轴陶瓷球轴承试验台研制及性能试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 23:35

本文选题：电主轴 + 陶瓷球轴承　；参考：《河南科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：电主轴是数控机床的核心功能部件,具有结构紧凑、重量轻、惯性小、振动小、响应快等优点。轴承是实现电主轴高速化和精密化的关键部件,其性能直接影响电主轴的转速、刚度、振动、工作温度等,进而影响机床的加工精度和稳定性。陶瓷球轴承具有转速高、温升低、不导电、不导磁等特点,将其用于高速电主轴可显著提高电主轴的转速、刚度和寿命。本论文根据电主轴陶瓷球轴承的实际工况和运转特点,研制了一种集机械、电子和计算机于一体的高速电主轴轴承试验台。该试验台主要由试验台主体、驱动系统、加载系统、测控系统、冷却系统、润滑系统等组成,可根据试验轴承的型号更换轴系组件;采用变频调速控制技术、机电一体化技术和计算机控制技术,能够模拟电主轴轴承的润滑情况、散热条件以及高速加工时的径向切削分力和轴向切削分力;可实现对转速、载荷、温度、振动等主参数的实时监测、显示、处理及存储,并可对各部件运行进行监控,具有自动报警停机功能。本论文在研制的试验台上进行了电主轴轴承的性能试验研究。在循环水冷却的条件下,对比研究了不同转速和载荷条件下脂润滑陶瓷球轴承、脂润滑钢制球轴承和油雾陶瓷球轴承的高速性能,并对试验轴承失效进行了分析。结果表明,较低转速时,脂润滑陶瓷球轴承的工作温度略高于钢制球轴承和油雾润滑陶瓷球轴承,温度增长率比钢制球轴承的低;当D_mN值为1.8×10~6mm·r/min时,脂润滑陶瓷球轴承能较快达到热平衡状态,其工作温度明显低于钢制球轴承的工作温度,与油雾润滑陶瓷球轴承的工作温度比较接近,且脂润滑陶瓷球轴承的振动值比油雾润滑陶瓷球轴承的小。可见,在高速电主轴中可以采用脂润滑陶瓷球轴承。利用所研制的高速电主轴陶瓷球轴承试验台,可以评估某一特定条件下高速电主轴陶瓷球轴承的工作特性,为其设计改进及应用提供试验依据。
[Abstract]:Motorized spindle is the core functional component of NC machine tools, which has the advantages of compact structure, light weight, small inertia, small vibration and fast response. Bearing is the key component to realize the high speed and precision of the motorized spindle. Its performance directly affects the rotational speed, stiffness, vibration, working temperature of the motorized spindle, and then affects the machining accuracy and stability of the machine tool. Ceramic ball bearings have the characteristics of high speed, low temperature rise, no conduction and no magnetic conductivity, etc. The application of ceramic ball bearings in high speed motorized spindle can significantly improve the speed, stiffness and life of the motorized spindle. In this paper, according to the actual working conditions and operating characteristics of electric spindle ceramic ball bearings, a high-speed motorized spindle bearing test bed is developed, which integrates mechanical, electronic and computer. The test bed is mainly composed of the main body of the test bed, driving system, loading system, measuring and controlling system, cooling system, lubrication system and so on. The shafting components can be replaced according to the model of the test bearing. Mechatronics technology and computer control technology can simulate the lubrication condition, heat dissipation condition, radial cutting force and axial cutting force of motorized spindle bearing. The real-time monitoring, display, processing and storage of the main parameters, such as vibration, can be used to monitor the operation of the components and have the function of automatic alarm and shutdown. In this paper, the performance of motorized spindle bearing is studied on the test bed. The high speed performance of grease lubricated ceramic ball bearings, grease lubricated steel ball bearings and oil mist ceramic ball bearings under different rotational speeds and loads was studied under the condition of circulating water cooling. The failure of the test bearings was analyzed. The results show that the working temperature of grease lubricated ceramic ball bearings is slightly higher than that of steel ball bearings and oil mist lubricated ceramic ball bearings at lower rotational speeds, and the temperature growth rate is lower than that of steel ball bearings, and when the D_mN value is 1.8 脳 10~6mm r/min, The working temperature of grease lubricated ceramic ball bearing is obviously lower than that of steel ball bearing, which is close to that of oil mist lubricated ceramic ball bearing. The vibration value of grease lubricated ceramic ball bearing is smaller than that of oil mist lubricated ceramic ball bearing. Therefore, grease lubricated ceramic ball bearings can be used in high speed motorized spindle. By using the developed high speed motorized spindle ceramic ball bearing test bed, the working characteristics of the high speed motorized spindle ceramic ball bearing can be evaluated under a particular condition, and the experimental basis for its design improvement and application can be provided.
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH133.3

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