履带起重机履带架与地面接触机理研究及下车轻量化

发布时间：2018-05-27 05:46

本文选题：履带起重机 + 履带架与地面计算模型　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，国内外吊装行业对中大起升吨位起重机需求较为强劲，这种局面对国内履带起重机行业来说是前所未有的机遇，然而国内履带起重机行业也面临着巨大的挑战，因为工业设备日趋大型化并且现代工程项目对履带起重机产品的使用安全性要求越来越严格，而国内履带起重机产品设计方法和加工工艺仍不成熟，设计的产品仍存在潜在的质量问题，再则国产履带起重机产品相对国外同级别履带起重机产品来看，，整机重量普遍较重，制造成本高。国内履带起重机设计方法在验证安全性和可靠性环节一般采用解析法来校核整机安全性，这种技术在校核履带起重机臂架方面应用得比较成熟和完善，在校核履带起重机转台及下车结构方面并没有标准和成熟的衡量公式，已有的利用有限元方法核算履带起重机转台和下车安全性的研究方法仍存在不足和没有相关的实验数据验证其有效性和合理性，因此利用解析法或已有的有限元研究方法都无法准确对设计的履带起重机转台和下车的安全性与可靠性做出评估。履带起重机轻量化是目前履带起重机行业的发展趋势，它不仅能够帮助企业降低制造成本，而且对于节能环保也具有重要的意义。当前轻量化技术一般采用有限元法对结构进行优化设计，而且对一些简单结构也能够取得较好的轻量化效果，然而轻量化效果和轻量化后的结构安全性都立足于设计的计算模型是否准确。本文研究的内容以吉林大学力学实验室与徐工建设机械分公司合作的履带起重机转台及下车轻量化设计课题为依托。论文的主要工作和研究成果如下：（1）概述了履带起重机行业的国内外发展现状，分析了履带起重机未来的机遇和挑战，分析了目前履带起重机下车理论研究成果的优点和缺点以及亟待解决的问题，提出了履带起重机履带架与地面新的研究方法。（2）简单介绍了本文研究的对象的结构特点，对有限元软件ANSYS进行了学习和实践，编写了论文研究所用到的多工况批处理计算程序，该程序能够完成有限元计算和有限元计算结果自动化处理，能大量地节省计算时间和结果处理时间。（3）利用有限元软件ANSYS分别建立了分析履带架和车架强度刚度用的单体研究模型，杆系结构地面计算模型和钢筋混凝土地面计算模型，利用三种计算模型分别对履带架和车架进行了强度刚度分析，并对比了三种研究模型的有效性和先进性。（4）对履带起重机下车进行了应力测试，获得了履带起重机下车在实验工况下应力数据，并与有限元计算结果进行了对比。履带架测试实验结果表明，钢筋混凝土地面计算模型与应力实验数据更吻合，其次是杆系结构地面计算模型，最后是履带架单体计算模型。车架测试实验结果表明，钢筋混凝土地面计算模型与杆系结构地面计算模型都与实验数据基本吻合。（5）本文研究的履带架和车架实际重量比国内外其他同级产品都重。为了提高产品的竞争力，降低制造成本和吸引客户，本文利用钢筋混凝土地面计算模型分别对履带架和车架进行了轻量化设计，并对轻量化后的履带架和车架进行了强度刚度分析。履带架和车架轻量化设计后重量分别减少了7.8%和6.68%，轻量化后的履带架和车架满足强度和刚度要求。轻量化后的履带架和车架不仅降低了制造成本，而且间接地降低了运输油耗，提高了产品竞争力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the demand for lifting tonnage cranes at home and abroad is stronger at home and abroad, which is an unprecedented opportunity for the domestic caterpillar crane industry. However, the domestic caterpillar crane industry is also facing great challenges because of the increasing industrial equipment and the modern engineering project for caterpillar crane products. The demand for safety is more and more strict, but the design method and processing technology of the domestic crawler crane are still not mature, and the product still has the potential quality problems. Then, compared with the foreign same level crawler crane products, the domestic crawler crane products are generally heavier and the manufacturing cost is high.
The design method of domestic crawler crane is generally adopted to check the safety of the whole machine in the verification of safety and reliability. This technology is more mature and perfect in the arm frame of the nuclear crawler crane. There is no standard and mature measurement formula for the turntable and getting off structure of the nuclear caterpillar crane. The research method of calculating the safety of track crane turntable and getting off with finite element method still has insufficient and no related experimental data to verify its validity and rationality. Therefore, the safety and reliability of the designed caterpillar crane can not be evaluated accurately by the analytical method or the existing finite element method. Estimate.
The lightweight of crawler crane is the development trend of the caterpillar crane industry at present. It can not only help enterprises to reduce the cost of manufacturing, but also is of great significance for energy conservation and environmental protection. At present, the finite element method is used to optimize the design of the structure, and a better light weight can be obtained for some simple structures. However, the lightweight effect and the structural safety after lightweight are all based on the accuracy of the design calculation model.
The contents of this paper are based on the subject of the caterpillar turntable and the lightening design project of the Jilin University mechanics laboratory and the construction machinery branch of Xugong.
The main work and research results of this paper are as follows:
(1) the development status of the caterpillar crane industry at home and abroad is summarized, the future opportunities and challenges of the crawler crane are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the theoretical research results of the caterpillar crane and the problems to be solved are analyzed. The new research methods of caterpillar crane caterpillar frame and the ground are put forward.
(2) the structure characteristics of the object are briefly introduced. The finite element software ANSYS is studied and practice, and the batch processing calculation program used in the paper is written. The program can complete the finite element calculation and the automatic processing of the finite element calculation results, and can save the calculation time and the result processing time in a large amount.
(3) using the finite element software ANSYS to establish the single body research model for the strength stiffness of the caterpillar frame and frame, the ground calculation model of the rod system and the calculation model of the reinforced concrete ground, and the strength stiffness analysis of the caterpillar frame and the frame respectively by three kinds of calculation models, and compare the validity and first of the three research models. Progressive.
(4) the stress test of the caterpillar crane is carried out, and the stress data of the crawler crane under the experimental condition is obtained and compared with the result of the finite element calculation. The test results of the crawler frame show that the calculation model of the reinforced concrete ground is more consistent with the stress experimental data, and the next is the ground calculation model of the rod structure, finally, the calculation model of the structure of the bar system is finally made. It is a single calculation model of a caterpillar frame. The test results of the frame test show that the calculation model of the reinforced concrete ground and the ground calculation model of the rod system are all in agreement with the experimental data.
(5) the actual weight of the caterpillar frame and frame is heavier than the other domestic and foreign products. In order to improve the competitiveness of the products, reduce the manufacturing cost and attract customers, this paper uses the reinforced concrete ground calculation model to carry out the lightweight design of the caterpillar frame and frame respectively, and has carried out the strength of the lightweight caterpillar frame and frame. After the lightweight design of the track frame and frame, the weight of the caterpillar frame and frame is reduced by 7.8% and 6.68% respectively. The lightweight caterpillar frame and frame meet the requirements of strength and stiffness. The lightweight crawler frame and frame not only reduce the manufacturing cost, but also reduce the transportation fuel consumption, and raise the competitiveness of the product.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH213.7

【引证文献】