基于TRIZ的塔式起重机的人机工程学设计与研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 02:54

本文选题：TRIZ + 人机工程学　；参考：《山东建筑大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：塔式起重机是建筑施工过程中不可或缺的机械设备之一,随着建筑面积大幅上升利施工规模的不断扩大,塔式起重机的使用数量逐渐增加。由于塔式起重机的工作过程是一个人机交互的过程,需要人性化的设计和产品,因此,进行塔式起重机的人机工程学设计对整个行业的发展具有非常重要的意义。以有效解决塔式起重机人机工程学设计中所遇到技术难题和所在的设计缺陷为最终目的,将发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)融入到产品的人机工程学设计中,构建了基于TRIZ的产品人机工程学设计过程模型,并将其中的技术冲突模型、物理冲突模型及物-场模型等工具应用到塔式起重机的人机工程学设计中，解决了所遇到的技术难题,得到了满足人机工程学要求的改进方案。首先,将TRIZ技术冲突工具应用到塔式起重机司机室的环境条件、视野和运行方式的人机工程学设计中,解决了塔式起重机司机室适应性、多用性和自动化程度与外形尺寸和结构复杂性间的技术冲突问题,获得了满足人机工程学要求的改进方案。根据不同环境条件将司机室做成敞开式司机室和封闭式司机室,并将司机室的视野应用虚拟现实的手法在司机面前表现出来,而司机室的运行方式为升降电梯式司机室。其次,将TRIZ物理冲突工具应用到塔式起重机座椅的尺寸、结构、振动舒适性和空间位置的人机工程学设计中,解决了塔式起重机座椅尺寸、坐姿、椅面、材料、靠背、空间位置间的物理冲突问题,获得了满足人机工程学要求的改进方案。对座椅的椅面高度、宽度、深度、椅面倾角、靠背的高度、宽度利倾角进行参数设计；根据人机工程学操纵装置空间尺寸的要求,将塔式起重机司机室内的座椅利联动控制台依据最佳尺寸进行设计。最后,将TRIZ物-场模型工具应用到塔式起重机司机室联动控制台的人机工程学设计中,对塔式起重机司机室联动控制台操纵手柄的人机工程学设计过程中所遇到的手握舒适性差,用力不方便,极易打滑,动作不容易控制,并且较难满足人机工程学要求等物-场问题进行了解决,并获得满足人机工程学要求的三种改进方案。以TRIZ为理论基础,解决了塔式起重机司机室的环境条件及视野和运行方式,及司机室座椅的尺寸、结构、振动舒适性和空间位置,以及司机室联动控制台操纵手柄的人机工程学设计过程中所遇到的技术难题,并获得满足人机工程学要求的改进方案,对塔式起重机的人机工程学设计具有较高的参考价值。
[Abstract]:Tower crane is one of the indispensable mechanical equipment in the process of building construction. With the increasing of construction area and the continuous expansion of construction scale, the use of tower crane is increasing gradually. As the working process of tower crane is a human-computer interaction process, it needs humanized design and product. Therefore, the ergonomics design of tower crane is of great significance to the development of the whole industry. In order to effectively solve the technical problems and design defects encountered in ergonomics design of tower cranes, the invention problem solving theory (TRIZ) is integrated into the ergonomics design of products. The product ergonomics design process model based on TRIZ is constructed, and the technology conflict model, physical conflict model and material-field model are applied to the ergonomics design of tower crane. The technical problems are solved, and the improvement scheme to meet the requirements of ergonomics is obtained. Firstly, the TRIZ technology conflict tool is applied to the ergonomics design of tower crane driver room, which solves the adaptability of tower crane driver room. Due to the technical conflict between multipurpose and automation degree, shape size and structural complexity, an improved scheme to meet the requirements of ergonomics is obtained. According to different environmental conditions, the driver's room is made into an open driver's room and a closed driver's room, and the visual field of the driver's room is displayed in front of the driver by virtual reality, while the driver's room operates in the elevator driver's room. Secondly, the TRIZ physical conflict tool is applied to the ergonomics design of the size, structure, vibration comfort and space position of the tower crane seat, which solves the problem of the tower crane seat size, sitting posture, chair surface, material, backrest, etc. An improved scheme to meet the requirements of ergonomics is obtained for the physical conflict between space positions. The height, width, depth, angle of chair surface, height of backrest and width angle of chair are designed according to the requirements of space size of ergonomics manipulators. According to the optimum size, the seat and profit control console of tower crane driver's room is designed. Finally, the TRIZ material-field model tool is applied to the ergonomics design of the chauffeur console of tower crane. In the course of ergonomics design of the manipulating handle of the chauffeur console of tower crane, the hand grip is poor, the force is inconvenient, it is easy to slip, and the movement is not easy to control. And it is difficult to meet the ergonomics requirements and other material-field problems are solved, and three improvement schemes are obtained to meet the ergonomics requirements. Based on the theory of TRIZ, the environmental conditions, visual field and operation mode of the driver's room of tower crane are solved, and the size, structure, vibration comfort and space position of the driver's room seat are also solved. And the technical problems encountered in the ergonomics design of the operator handle of the chauffeur console, and the improvement scheme to meet the requirements of ergonomics is obtained, which has a high reference value for the ergonomics design of the tower crane.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH213.3

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