机械功能原理对称的概念及其应用知识体系的研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 22:06

本文选题：功能对称 + 原理对称　；参考：《浙江大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：对称广泛存在于机械系统中,时空对称存在于零部件、组件、整机乃至系列的各个层面,效用对称存在于应用不同手段实现相同功能的各类产品中。研究机械对称,尤其是与方案多解性相关的机械效用对称,可在概念设计中用于拓展求解思路,提高系统性能,满足设计约束,缩短设计周期,并提高产品的市场竞争力。在综合分析了各领域对称的研究现状后,本文针对当前机械对称研究存在的问题,对机械功能原理对称的概念及其应用知识进行了深入研究。主要研究内容及成果体现在如下四个方面：一.机械功能原理对称概念体系的建立在分析了跨学科领域对称和机械对称的研究现状后,提出了机械功能原理对称的概念和层次结构体系。根据对称基准不同将机械对称分为时空对称和效用对称两大类。效用对称用于描述多个方案实现相同设计需求的等效性。根据对称操作不同将效用对称进一步分为置换、分解和组合对称,在此基础上分别研究了功能效用对称、原理效用对称的涵义并进一步分类,从而建立起机械功能原理效用对称体系的树状层次结构。根据对称主体不同将时空对称分为功能时空对称、原理时空对称,分析由对称主体、组元和基准组成的对称要素,建立起机械功能原理时空对称的概念和层次结构体系；构建功能原理时空对称实例模型,据此分析整理时空对称实例,并录入数据库得到功能原理时空对称实例库；基于实例库,挖掘整理关联知识并分析提炼出若干功能原理时空对称的应用知识。二.机械功能效用对称应用知识体系的研究以机械功能效用对称概念体系为基础,构建功能效用对称实例模型,搜集整理400余个功能效用对称实例并录入数据库,应用计算机辅助知识挖掘系统进行知识挖掘得到大量设计需求、功能结构与功能对称操作之间的关联知识,进而提炼得到具有“简化系统结构”、“提高能量转换效率”、“提高人机友好性”、“加快起动过程”等效用的26条设计准则及2条设计原理；进而建立“产品性能需求—功能方案缺点—功能效用对称设计准则/原理”关联模型。基于上述功能效用对称的实例知识、关联知识及设计准则／原理,提出应用功能效用对称知识辅助机械功能创新的设计流程。三.机械原理效用对称应用知识体系的研究以机械原理效用对称概念体系为基础,构建原理效用对称实例模型,搜集整理200余个原理效用对称实例,并录入数据库。应用计算机辅助知识挖掘系统进行知识挖掘得到大量设计需求与原理对称操作之间的关联知识,进而提炼得到若干用于“扩大作用范围”、“提高人机友好性”、“提高工作效率”、“提高测量精度”和“消减有害副作用”等36余条设计准则和2条设计原理；进而建立“产品性能需求—原理方案缺点—原理效用对称设计准则/原理”关联模型。基于上述的原理效用对称实例知识、关联知识及设计原理/准则,提出了应用原理效用对称知识辅助机械原理创新的设计流程。四.机械功能原理对称辅助创新设计平台的建立以前述的机械功能原理对称概念体系及归纳总结的应用知识为基础,开发了由实例管理模块、知识管理模块、知识挖掘模块和知识应用模块组成的机械功能原理对称辅助创新设计平台原型；结合两个应用相关知识发明的专利“一种能自动停止加热的电磁炉用水壶”和“一种能抵消附加磁扭矩的磁力冲击钻”,介绍应用该平台进行功能设计和原理设计的设计流程及主要操作界面。
[Abstract]:Symmetry exists widely in mechanical systems. Space-time symmetry exists in all aspects of parts, components, whole machines and even series. Utility symmetry exists in all kinds of products that apply the same function by different means. Research on mechanical symmetry, especially the utility symmetry related to multi solution of scheme, can be used to expand the solution in conceptual design. In order to improve the performance of the system, meet the design constraints, shorten the design cycle, and improve the market competitiveness of the products. After a comprehensive analysis of the current research status of symmetry in various fields, this paper, aiming at the existing problems in the research of mechanical symmetry, has carried out a deep Study on the concept of symmetry of mechanical function principle and its application knowledge. The results are reflected in the following four aspects:
The establishment of a symmetric conceptual system of mechanical function principle
After analyzing the current research status of symmetries and mechanical symmetry in interdisciplinary fields, the concept of symmetry of mechanical functions and the hierarchical structure system are proposed. According to the difference of the symmetry datum, the mechanical symmetry is divided into two categories: space-time symmetry and utility symmetry. The utility symmetry is used to describe the equivalence of the same design requirements for multiple schemes. The utility symmetry is further divided into substitution, decomposition and combinatorial symmetry. On this basis, the meaning of functional utility symmetry, the meaning of principle utility symmetry and further classification are studied respectively. Thus, the tree like structure of the mechanism of utility symmetry is established. The principle of space-time symmetry is called, and the symmetric elements composed of symmetric bodies, components and benchmarks are analyzed. The concept of space-time symmetry and hierarchical structure system of mechanical principle are established, and a spatio-temporal symmetric example model of functional principles is constructed. Based on this, the spatial and temporal symmetry examples are analyzed and arranged, and the spatial and temporal symmetry case base of functional principles is obtained. In the case base, mining related knowledge and analyzing and abstracting some application knowledge of spatiotemporal symmetry.
Two. Research on symmetric application knowledge system of mechanical function utility
On the basis of the conceptual system of mechanical utility symmetry, a functional utility symmetry example model is constructed, and more than 400 functional utility symmetry examples are collected and recorded into the database. A large number of design requirements are obtained by using the computer aided knowledge mining system for knowledge mining, and the related knowledge between functional structure and functional symmetry operation is extracted and refined. 26 design criteria and 2 design principles, which have "simplified system structure", "improve energy conversion efficiency", "improve human-computer friendliness", "accelerate the process of starting", and 2 design principles are obtained; and then the relationship model of "product performance requirement - functional scheme shortcoming, functional utility symmetry setting criterion / principle" is established. Utility knowledge, knowledge and design principles / principles, a design process of applying functional utility symmetry knowledge to assist mechanical function innovation is proposed.
Three. Research on the symmetrical application knowledge system of machine principle and utility.
On the basis of the concept of utility symmetry, the utility symmetry example model is constructed, more than 200 principles of utility symmetry are collected and collected, and a database is recorded. The knowledge mining of the knowledge mining system is used to obtain the related knowledge between a large number of design requirements and the principle of symmetry operation, and then some of them are extracted and obtained. It is used for "expanding the scope of action", "improving the human-computer friendliness", "improving the working efficiency", "improving the measurement accuracy" and "reducing the harmful side effects" of more than 36 design principles and 2 design principles, and then establish the association model of "product performance requirement - principle scheme shortcoming - principle efficiency symmetrical design criterion / principle". The above principles, the utility symmetry example knowledge, the related knowledge and the design principle / criterion, have put forward the design process of the application principle of the utility symmetry knowledge aided mechanical principle innovation.
Four. Establishment of symmetrically aided innovative design platform for mechanical function principle.
Based on the symmetrically conceptual system of mechanical principle and the applied knowledge of inductive summary, the prototype of the symmetrically aided innovation design platform, composed of case management module, knowledge management module, knowledge mining module and knowledge application module, is developed. A patent "one kind of patent" is invented in combination with two application related knowledge. The water kettle is used to automatically stop the heating of the electromagnetic furnace and a magnetic shock drill that can counteract the additional magnetic torque. The design flow and main operating interface of the application of the platform for functional design and principle design are introduced.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH122

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