电子商务配送中心的设计与优化策略研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 23:06

本文选题：料箱式自动化仓储系统 + 直输型料箱式储分一体化系统　；参考：《山东大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着互联网的普及,人们开始逐渐习惯于通过网络订购商品。电子商务能够利用科技方便快捷地满足人们对商品的需求,目前已进入高速发展的时期。为了支持电子商务的发展,中国许多企业致力于自身的电商供应链建设,如阿里巴巴和京东。供应链的核心竞争力就是物流系统,特别是配送中心,因为它负责着商品从制造商到客户的流通。与传统的营销模式相比,电子商务在物流领域有它独有的需求,包括多类型的商品,小批量、多批次的订单和订单快速响应的客户需求。考虑到这些新特点,一般的配送中心布局如果直接应用于电商的配送中心,可能会不太适用。比如,像电商负责处理如此多种类的商品,一般配送中心的布局根本无法满足仓储和分拣的空间需求,同时,多批次的订单及快速的客户响应需求也对配送中心的效率提出了更高的要求,传统配送中心以传统营销商为服务对象,在电商营销下,其订单处理能力会略显薄弱。对于很多电商企业而言,物流系统目前是制约它们发展的巨大瓶颈。电商企业迫切希望建立高效的专业型电商配送中心为其提供服务。与传统仓储系统相比,自动化仓储系统具有空间利用能力强、物品流通效率高等优点,这也使得它成为当前最适用于电商配送中心的仓储系统。为了获得更高的空间利用率,同时提高订单处理的效率,将订单分拣操作与自动仓储系统结合起来。其中最常用的一种结合方式,通常被称之为料箱式自动化仓储系统。然而该系统毕竟不是针对电商营销模式设计的,在电商环境下,仍然不能完全满足配送中心对订单处理效率的需求。基于此,本文以料箱式自动化仓储系统为基础,通过对设计和策略的优化,提出了更适用于电商需求的系统——直输型料箱式储分一体化系统,并对系统中涉及到的分拣策略进行优化,全面提升系统的订单处理效率。在研究该问题过程中,本文主要内容与成果如下： 1)针对料箱-工作台分拣系统,深入分析了系统的订单处理过程及订单处理总时间的构成,提出了订单处理总时间的主要影响因素,基于此,明确了本文进行系统优化的具体优化目标及方法：对输送系统及分拣工作台的设计作出改进,同时提出配合改进性设计的品项分配、订单分配、订单排序优化策略,以达到减少订单处理过程中系统的料箱出库总次数、出库距离和输送距离,从而提高系统订单处理效率的目标。 2)针对电商的订单特点,提出了以料箱-工作台分拣系统为基础的改进系统——直输型料箱式储分一体化系统。直输型料箱式储分一体化系统相对于料箱-工作台分拣系统的改进包括：在输送系统中加入直输通道以缩短料箱的输送距离,在分拣工作台中加入订单箱缓存区和料箱缓存区以减少料箱的重复出入库次数。单独分析了每个改进点对系统工作流程的影响,并给出了直输型料箱式储分一体化系统的完整作业流程。通过仿真验证了改进性设计在缩短料箱的输送距离和减少料箱的重复出入库次数方面的效果,直输型料箱式储分一体化系统相比料箱-工作台分拣系统,订单处理效率有了明显的提升。 3)品项及订单分配优化问题。由于输送系统中只存在一个单循环的闭合输送线,因此料箱-工作台分拣系统中不涉及到品项及订单的分配问题。但是品项及订单的分配策略对改进后的直输型料箱式储分一体化系统有重要影响。本文针对系统的改进性设计,提出与之配合的品项及订单分配优化策略,首先借鉴成组技术的思想,提出了相似系数和最大的优化目标,设计了基于相似系统的多阶段启发式算法求解品项分配问题,该算法专门针对电商订单设计,融合了贪婪初始化、ABC分类法、动态搜索等多种策略；然后将订单分配问题看作聚类问题,借鉴K均值聚类法的划分思路,提出了带容量限制的启发式算法求解订单分配问题。经实例分析,本文提出的品项及订单分配优化策略能帮助改进后的系统在订单处理效率方面发挥更好的作用。 4)配合改进系统中缓存区的设计,对订单排序问题进行优化。首先基于品项重复累积值的概念提出订单排序优化问题的目标函数并建模。然后将订单排序问题看作旅行商问题,借鉴旅行商问题的算法流程,提出了基于品项重复累积值的最邻近插入算法与最近插入策略。最后实例分析证明了策略的有效性(其中最近插入策略的效果更好),并证实本章提出的订单排序优化策略能帮助改进后的系统在订单处理效率方面发挥更好的作用。本文通过对于系统的优化,提高订单处理效率,在满足电商配送中心空间利用率要求的同时,进一步满足电商配送中心订单处理效率的要求,打造出真正能够为电商企业服务的专业配送中心,以适应当前的市场形势,为电商企业的发展壮大提供保障。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the popularity of the Internet, people are getting used to ordering goods through the Internet. Electronic commerce can make use of science and technology to meet people's demand for goods quickly and quickly, and now it has entered a period of rapid development.
In order to support the development of e-commerce, many enterprises in China are committed to the construction of their own e-commerce supply chain, such as Alibaba and Jingdong. The core competitiveness of the supply chain is the logistics system, especially the distribution center, because it is responsible for the circulation of goods from the manufacturer to the customer. Compared with the traditional marketing model, the e-commerce is in the logistics field. It has its unique needs, including multiple types of goods, small batch, multi batch orders and orders to respond quickly to customer needs.
Considering these new features, the layout of a general distribution center may not be applicable if it is directly applied to an e-commerce distribution center. For example, the layout of the general distribution center can not meet the spatial needs of warehousing and sorting at all, as well as the multi batches of orders and quick customer responses. The traditional distribution center takes the traditional distributor as the service object, and the order processing ability of the traditional distribution center will be slightly weak. For many e-commerce enterprises, the logistics system is a huge bottle neck which restricts their development. The business enterprise is eager to establish the efficient and professional type. E-commerce distribution centers provide services for them.
Compared with the traditional storage system, the automated storage system has the advantages of strong space utilization and high efficiency in circulation, which makes it the most suitable storage system for the distribution center of e-commerce. In order to obtain higher spatial utilization and improve the efficiency of order processing, the order sorting operation and automatic storage system are combined. One of the most commonly used combination methods is usually called a material box automatic storage system. However, this system is not designed for e-commerce marketing mode. In the ecommerce environment, it is still not fully satisfied with the demand for order processing efficiency in the distribution center.
On the basis of this, this paper, based on the material box automatic storage system, puts forward a system which is more suitable for the demand of e-commerce - direct transmission type storage and storage integration system, and optimizes the sorting strategy involved in the system, and improves the efficiency of order processing in an all-round way.
In the process of studying this problem, the main contents and achievements of this paper are as follows:
1) according to the material box - work table sorting system, the order processing process and the composition of the total time of order processing are deeply analyzed. The main influencing factors of the total time of order processing are put forward. Based on this, the specific optimization objectives and methods of the system optimization are clarified, and the design of the transportation system and the sorting worktable is improved. In order to reduce the total number of out of the warehouse, the distance of the warehouse and the distance of the delivery, the goal of improving the efficiency of the system order processing is achieved.
2) according to the characteristics of the order of the electric business, an improved system based on the material box and the worktable sorting system is put forward. The direct transmission type material box type storage integration system is improved by adding the direct transmission channel in the conveying system to shorten the delivery distance of the material box. In the sorting work table, the order box caching area and the material box caching area are added to reduce the number of duplication and storage of the material box. The influence of each improvement on the system work flow is analyzed separately, and the complete operation process of the direct transmission material box type storage integration system is given. The efficiency of the order processing efficiency has been obviously improved compared with the material box - work table sorting system.
3) the problem of item and order distribution optimization. Because there is only a single circulation closed transmission line in the conveying system, the distribution of items and orders is not involved in the sorting system of the material box and work table. However, the distribution strategy of items and orders has an important influence on the improved direct transmission material box type storage integration system. Based on the idea of group technology, the similarity coefficient and the maximum optimization target are proposed by the idea of group technology. A multi stage heuristic algorithm based on similar system is designed to solve the problem of item allocation. The algorithm is specially designed for E-Commerce orders and fusion of greed. Starting, ABC classification, dynamic search and so on, the order allocation problem is considered as a clustering problem, and a heuristic algorithm with capacity restriction is proposed to solve the problem of order allocation by using the K means clustering method. The efficiency of single processing plays a better role.
4) with the improvement of the design of caching area in the system, the order ordering problem is optimized. First, based on the concept of repeated cumulative value of items, the objective function of order ordering optimization problem is proposed and modeled. Then order ordering is considered as a traveling salesman problem, and based on the calculation process of the traveling salesman problem, the repeated cumulative value of the item is proposed. The most adjacent insertion algorithm and the latest insertion strategy. The final instance analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the strategy (which has a better effect on the recent insertion strategy), and confirms that the order sorting optimization strategy proposed in this chapter can help improve the efficiency of order processing in the improved system.
Through the optimization of the system, this paper improves the efficiency of order processing, satisfies the requirement of the space utilization rate of the distribution center of electric business, and further satisfies the requirement of order processing efficiency of e-commerce distribution center, and builds a professional distribution center which can serve the electric business enterprise, in order to adapt to the current market situation and develop for the development of e-commerce enterprises. Growth provides security.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F724.6;TH692.3

【参考文献】