单主梁门式起重机的力学特性研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 02:06

本文选题：门式起重机 + 静态特性　；参考：《辽宁工程技术大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：门式起重机，是一种物料搬运机械，在机械制造、冶金、钢铁、码头等场所得到广泛的应用。论文以本钢40/10t-28.3m型门式起重机为研究对象，运用有限单元法、结构力学、动力学、弹塑性力学、断裂力学等理论，以ANSYS软件为手段，采用数学建模和计算机仿真相结合的方法，，对起重机的静态特性进行理论计算与有限元分析；对起重机的动态特性进行了深入的研究分析；在前人研究成果的基础上，对起重机的疲劳寿命估计公式做了进一步的探讨。主要内容如下： 1)门机的刚度、强度和稳定性校核。计算讨论了门式起重机的基本参数、计算载荷和工作特点。利用材料力学、结构力学的知识，按照《起重机设计规范》，对主梁的刚度、强度、稳定性和支腿的强度进行了详细计算与校核，同时对起重机的总体稳定性进行了计算与校核。计算出，在各种工况下，起重机主梁的受力情况和起重机的总体稳定性状况。 2)门机整体结构的静态特性分析。简述了有限元技术，详细的介绍大型有限元分析软件ANSYS。阐述在实际应用中ANSYS分析常用的单元类型及其对应的几何结构特点，进而，建立门机整体结构的有限元计模型。利用ANSYS软件讨论门机整体结构在几种典型工况下的受力情况，得出门机结构的静态变形规律及应力分布情况，进而与二维力学计算作对比。 3)门机整体结构的动态特性分析。利用ANSYS软件对门机整体结构进行模态分析，以确定整体结构的振动特性和动态刚性。再通过瞬态动力学分析，确定门式起重机在起升冲击荷载作用下主梁的位移随时间变化的响应情况，得出阻尼对于起重机振动具有抑制作用和加载时间对于起重机系统振动的影响规律。 4)门机主梁寿命估计。运用断裂力学，对强度因子和疲劳裂纹扩展公式加以修正，研究了在恒幅与随机变幅载荷作用下线弹性裂纹的扩展情况，以及材料在小范围屈服的情况下弹塑性裂纹的扩展情况，推导出更加符合实际的剩余寿命预估公式。对于其他形式的起重机主梁的寿命预估也有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Gantry crane is a kind of material handling machinery . It is widely used in machinery manufacturing , metallurgy , steel , wharf and so on . The paper takes the 40 / 10 t - 28.3m gantry crane as the research object , uses finite element method , structural mechanics , dynamics , elastic - plastic mechanics , fracture mechanics and so on . By using ANSYS software as the means , the static characteristics of the crane are calculated and analyzed by finite element method by means of mathematical modeling and computer simulation .
The dynamic characteristics of the crane are studied deeply .
Based on the previous research results , the fatigue life estimation formula of the crane is further discussed . The main contents are as follows :

1 ) The rigidity , strength and stability of gantry crane are checked . The basic parameters , load and working characteristics of gantry crane are discussed . The rigidity , strength , stability and strength of the main beam are calculated and checked according to the design criterion of the crane . The overall stability of the crane is calculated and checked . The stress condition of the main beam and the overall stability of the crane are calculated under various working conditions .

2 ) Static characteristic analysis of the whole structure of gantry crane . The finite element technique is introduced in detail . The finite element analysis software ANSYS is introduced in detail .

3 ) The dynamic characteristics of the whole structure of gantry crane are analyzed . The integral structure of gantry crane is analyzed by ANSYS software to determine the vibration characteristics and dynamic rigidity of the whole structure . Through the transient dynamic analysis , it is determined that the displacement of the main beam under the action of lifting impact load changes with time , and the effect of damping on the vibration of crane system is obtained .

4 ) Life estimation of main beam of gantry crane . Using fracture mechanics , the strength factor and fatigue crack growth formula are modified . The expansion of elastic crack under the action of constant amplitude and random variable load is studied , and the expansion of elastic - plastic crack under the condition of small - range yield is studied .
【学位授予单位】：辽宁工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH213.5

【参考文献】