数控车床静压气体轴承主轴系统动力学建模及静特性研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 02:53

本文选题：数控车床 + 静压气体轴承　；参考：《东北林业大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：超精密加工技术是一门新兴的综合性加工技术,是一个国家机械行业水平高低的重要体现,也已经成为衡量一个国家科学技术发展水平的重要标志之一。航空航天、国防工业及微电子等高新技术产业均和超精密加工技术密切相关,超精密数控车床的研制与开发是超精密加工技术最主要的研究内容之一。气体轴承是近年来迅速发展起来的一种新型轴承,具有回转精度高、使用寿命长、无污染和爬行等特点。随着工业应用对高速度、高精度加工技术的要求越来越高,精密数控车床的主轴系统采用回转精度更高、温升更小的气体轴承支承将成为今后的发展趋势。本文研究的主要内容是把静压气体轴承的优点与数控车床的精密加工要求相结合,尝试对现有的数控车床主轴系统进行创新改造,利用数控车床精密加工时进给量小以及静压气体轴承虽然承载相对较小,但是回转精度高的特点,把小孔节流静压气体轴承应用于数控车床主轴支承以提高其加工精度。论文重点对气体润滑机理和静压气体轴承的工作原理进行了深入探讨和分析,运用有限元法将雷诺(Reynolds)方程离散化,采用超松弛迭代法和比例分割法对小孔节流静压气体轴承的静态特性进行分析和研究,确定了数控车床用小孔节流静压气体轴承的基本参数；之后用小孔节流静压气体轴承作为数控车床主轴支承,建立静压气体轴承气膜力模型,建立静压气体轴承主轴转子动力学模型,并对其主轴系统进行了动力学分析；最后,在Pro/E 4.0软件中建立数控车床主轴的三维实体模型,将模型用IGES格式导入ANSYS Workbench 12.0软件中进行了有限元分析,通过模态分析从而求解了数控车床主轴各阶振型的固有频率和临界转速；除此之外,还分析和讨论了静压气体轴承加工制造的要求和基本方法,设计出了静压气体轴承主轴转子试验台原理图。本文通过理论分析和研究,为数控车床静压气体轴承主轴系统动力学研究提供了一定的理论依据。
[Abstract]:Ultra-precision machining technology is a new comprehensive processing technology, is an important embodiment of the level of machinery industry in a country, and has become one of the important symbols to measure the development level of science and technology in a country. High-tech industries such as aerospace, national defense industry and microelectronics are closely related to ultra-precision machining technology. The research and development of ultra-precision CNC lathe is one of the most important research contents of ultra-precision machining technology. Gas bearing is a new type bearing developed rapidly in recent years. It has the characteristics of high precision of rotation, long service life, no pollution and crawling. With the requirement of high speed and high precision machining technology applied in industry, the spindle system of precision NC lathe has higher rotary precision and the gas bearing with lower temperature rise will become the development trend in the future. The main content of this paper is to combine the advantages of static pressure gas bearing with the precision machining requirement of NC lathe, and try to innovate the existing spindle system of CNC lathe. In order to improve the machining accuracy, the small feed rate of CNC lathe and the relatively small bearing load of static gas bearing are used to improve the machining accuracy of the hydrostatic gas bearing with small orifice throttling in order to improve the machining accuracy. In this paper, the mechanism of gas lubrication and the working principle of hydrostatic gas bearing are discussed and analyzed in detail. The Reynolds equation is discretized by finite element method. The static characteristics of orifice throttle static gas bearing are analyzed and studied by overrelaxation iterative method and proportional partition method. The basic parameters of orifice throttle static gas bearing for CNC lathe are determined. After that, the static gas bearing with orifice throttling is used as the spindle support of NC lathe, the film force model of the static gas bearing is established, the rotor dynamics model of the hydrostatic gas bearing spindle is established, and the dynamic analysis of the spindle system is carried out. The 3D solid model of NC lathe spindle is established in Prop / E 4.0 software. The model is imported into ANSYS Workbench 12.0 software with IGES format for finite element analysis. Through modal analysis, the natural frequency and critical speed of the spindle modes of NC lathe are solved. In addition, the requirements and basic methods of machining and manufacturing static gas bearings are analyzed and discussed. The principle diagram of the test stand for the spindle rotor of the hydrostatic gas bearing is designed. Through theoretical analysis and research, this paper provides a certain theoretical basis for the dynamics study of hydrostatic bearing spindle system of NC lathe.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH133.3;TG519.1

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