大吨位双回转铁路起重机底架优化设计及研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 17:47

本文选题：起重机底架 + 耦合　；参考：《西南交通大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文利用有限元分析软件ANSYS分析研究2888t·m大吨位双回转铁路起重机的底架结构。根据起重机工作工况,提出了一个初始方案,用ANSYS进行了多种建模方式进行有限元分析,找出较符合实际工况合理的计算模型,再进行优化设计,最后进行稳定性校核。首先论文对国内外的铁路和铁路起重机的发展进行简单的概述,然后介绍了铁路起重机底架传统算法和有限元算法。以及应用到底架有限元分析中的单元、网格、节点耦合、板壳单元与实体单元连接用的约束方程法等相关技术。本论文在回转中心支承处运用APDL对变载荷进行加载,并考虑底架、支腿、液压油缸等进行整体建模,对支腿与底架主体连接处进行了耦合和刚接两种不同的处理办法,采用液压油缸和地面考虑接触与液压油缸和地面全部约束平面移动自由度的两种不同建模方式,对比了几种不同组合模型对底架的受力和应变的影响。针对初始方案的几种危险工况进行分析及校核。底架支腿的抬腿量关系到起重机工作的稳定性和安全性。本论文将理论计算和有限元分析得出的支腿反力进行对比,来模拟实际支腿抬腿量的情况。按照初始方案设计底架在应力和变形量上都比较小,可以考虑底架的轻量化设计。利用有限元优化理论对底架前四种危险工况分别进行优化设计,在得出的结果中,综合考虑圆整后结果再进行每种工况的校核。对后面几种吊臂在全平面内回转的工况,取吊臂与底架对角线垂直的角度进行校核。全部校核通过就满足了底架的轻量化设计的要求。最后随着起重机起重量和起重力矩不断的增加。德国生产的底架的结构进行了改进,在原来的底架纵梁中增加了一块纵向钢板,分担纵梁变截面处和底架与支腿连接处的局部应力和确保底架的整体的刚度,特别是回转支承附近的刚度,保证底架的其他构件的稳定性。对底架的整体稳定性,纵梁翼缘板和腹板进行稳定性的校核。在理论计算底架稳定性的基础上,ANSYS中线性特征值屈曲分析也能计算出临界屈曲载荷,保证底架工作时的局部稳定性。本文探讨了底架设计的几种方案和有限元分析方法,并对箱型底架结构进行了优化设计,提出了大鱼腹梁的新型结构,为以后我国大吨位双回转起重机设计提供了很多参考意义。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the bottom structure of a 2888t large tonnage double rotary railway crane is studied by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS. According to the working condition of the crane, an initial scheme is put forward, and the finite element analysis is carried out by using ANSYS, and the reasonable calculation model is found out, and then the optimum design is carried out, and the stability is checked finally. Firstly, the development of railway and railway cranes at home and abroad is briefly summarized, and then the traditional algorithms and finite element algorithms of railway crane underframe are introduced. Some related techniques, such as element, mesh, node coupling, and the constraint equation method used to connect the plate and shell elements to the solid element, are also presented. In this paper, APDL is used to load the variable load at the center of the rotary support, and the integral modeling of the underframe, the leg and the hydraulic oil cylinder is carried out, and the coupling and the rigid connection of the supporting leg and the main body of the underframe are carried out. Two different modeling methods of hydraulic cylinder and ground considering contact with hydraulic cylinder and all constrained plane moving degrees of ground are used to compare the influence of several kinds of combined models on the stress and strain of the underframe. Several dangerous conditions of the initial scheme are analyzed and checked. The lifting of the leg of the underframe is related to the stability and safety of the crane. In this paper, the theoretical calculation and finite element analysis are compared to simulate the actual leg lift. Since the stress and deformation of the underframe are small according to the initial scheme, the lightweight design of the underframe can be considered. According to the finite element optimization theory, the first four dangerous conditions of the underframe were optimized, and the results obtained were checked after the round results were considered synthetically. The vertical angle between the boom and the chassis diagonal line is taken to check the working conditions of the latter several kinds of boom rotating in the full plane. All the checks meet the requirements of lightweight design of the underframe. Finally, with the crane lifting weight and lifting torque increasing. The structure of the frame made in Germany has been improved by adding a longitudinal steel plate to the original frame longitudinal beam to share the local stress at the variable section of the longitudinal beam and the connection between the underframe and the supporting leg and to ensure the overall stiffness of the underframe. In particular, the stiffness near the slewing support ensures the stability of other members of the underframe. Check the overall stability of the underframe and the flange plate and web plate of the longitudinal beam. On the basis of theoretical calculation of the stability of the underframe, the buckling analysis of the mid-line eigenvalue of ANSYS can also calculate the critical buckling load and ensure the local stability of the underframe. In this paper, several schemes and finite element analysis methods of bottom frame design are discussed, and the optimization design of box frame structure is carried out, and a new structure of large fish-web beam is put forward. It provides a lot of reference significance for the design of large-tonnage double-rotary crane in our country.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U273.92;TH218

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