螺旋槽气体静压轴承的性能研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 18:56

本文选题：静压气体轴承 + 雷诺方程　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：气浮轴承较之使用的传统轴承而言有着很大优势，它具有的摩擦极小、温升小、不产生污染以及能适应恶劣环境等特点使之在现在的精密机械中得到大量运用。就现阶段来说,气体轴承的发展方向基本都是向着更高速度、更高刚度、更好的稳定性以及更高精确度的方向发展。然而，当特定轴承的转速达到一定程度时会产生涡动，从而造成轴承旋转的不稳定，这种现象对精密机械的正常工作往往会造成重大影响。另外，气浮轴承在高速旋转时，能观察到比较明显的动压效应，，如果能够利用好动压效应就能有效提高转子刚度和转动稳定性。但是，对于表面精度非常高的轴承内孔和转轴而言，单单依靠轴本身产生的动压效应得到的刚度是非常有限的。因此，针对这样一个特定的现象，课题试图从静压轴承的结构出发，通过在轴承上加一对螺旋槽来改进气体轴承的稳定性。所以，本课题的主要工作重点将会放在螺旋槽对气体轴承的承载能力以及稳定性分析上。工作过程将会包括如下的几点。对于轴承静特性分析。建立轴承的有限单元模型，根据雷诺方程，同时考虑轴承的边界条件，利用加权余量法建立承载能力以及刚度分布状况的计算程序。此中重点考虑的是设置的螺旋槽结构参数变化时静特性的变化情况，并对不同情况下结果做直观比较。在得到气体轴承的静压特性之后，分析轴承的动态特性。在这里主要使用的是PH摄动法。对雷诺方程进行一阶泰勒展开，这样可以得到计算静压轴承动态刚度与阻尼。在计算过程中，通过差分法与超松弛迭代法求解偏微分方程组，使用Simpson复化积分法求解动特性系数，而对于稳定性的判断方法，采用Routh-Hurwitz稳定性判据。编写Matlab计算程序，这里重点分析气浮轴承螺旋槽结构参数变化时对各动态特性系数的影响情况，同时对比不同情况下的连续变化情况。
[Abstract]:Air bearing has a great advantage over traditional bearings. It has the characteristics of minimal friction, low temperature rise, no pollution, and can adapt to the harsh environment, so it has been widely used in the present precision machinery. At the present stage, the development direction of gas bearing is towards higher speed, higher stiffness, better stability and higher precision. However, when the rotational speed of a certain bearing reaches a certain degree, a vortex will occur, which will lead to the instability of the bearing rotation. This phenomenon often has a significant impact on the normal operation of precision machinery. In addition, an obvious dynamic pressure effect can be observed when the air bearing rotates at high speed. If the dynamic pressure effect can be used, the rotor stiffness and rotational stability can be improved effectively. However, for the bearing bore and shaft with high surface precision, the stiffness obtained by the dynamic pressure effect produced by the shaft itself is very limited. Therefore, in view of such a special phenomenon, the paper tries to improve the stability of gas bearing by adding a pair of spiral slots to the bearing from the structure of the hydrostatic bearing. Therefore, the main work of this paper will focus on the bearing capacity and stability analysis of helical grooves to gas bearings. The process will include the following points. The static characteristics of the bearing are analyzed. The finite element model of bearing is established. According to Reynolds equation and considering the boundary condition of bearing, the calculation program of bearing capacity and stiffness distribution is established by using weighted residual method. In this paper, the static characteristics of the helical groove structure parameters are considered, and the results are compared intuitively. After the hydrostatic characteristics of the gas bearing are obtained, the dynamic characteristics of the bearing are analyzed. Here the main use is the PH perturbation method. The first order Taylor expansion of Reynolds equation is used to calculate the dynamic stiffness and damping of the hydrostatic bearing. In the process of calculation, the partial differential equations are solved by difference method and overrelaxation iterative method, and the dynamic characteristic coefficients are solved by Simpson complex integration method, while the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion is used to judge the stability. In this paper, Matlab program is compiled to analyze the influence of structural parameters of helical groove on the dynamic characteristics of air bearing. At the same time, the continuous variation under different conditions is compared.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH133.36

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