风力发电机齿轮传动系统参数分析与优化设计

发布时间：2018-07-13 12:23

【摘要】：风电发电在当今社会经济发展中的地位越来越重要，这也意味着风力发电机的耐用性的地位越来越显著。要保证有限的经济投入前提下，有效地获得更多的能源，进而获得更大的收益，是当今社会的风电发展的一项重要课题。随着风力发电机组的容量越来越大，风电机在运行中受到的载荷也就越来越大，这就等于出现意外的概率越来越高。这就说明，人类在发展风力发电的同时，首先要考虑的就是风力发电机的安全性及有效性。于是，无论是国家或地区，还是风电企业，对风力发电机的寿命及其可靠性的研究越来越多。对机组要求越来越高，必然的，，为此所作的努力也越来越大。对于风力发电机中各部分组件，传动部分也就是齿轮箱，占有着举足轻重的地位，越来越多的学者将目光聚焦到对齿轮增速箱的研究上，尤其是近些年来，大多数国家希望在齿轮箱技术上的自有化，更是耗费了大量的技术研究。对零件进一步到系统的静态分析、动态分析，对零部件的结构分析，对系统的可靠性分析，等等。而这所有的努力工作都是为了保证，齿轮箱传动系统的寿命能够越来越长，以保证风力发电的成果越来越显著。本文的主要目的就是为了对2MW风力发电机的齿轮传动系统的参数进行分析，对其可靠性进行研究，并进行优化。课题得到陕西省自然基金（2010JM7017）和陕西省教育厅项目（2010JK418）的资助，针对山东省某风电科技集团的2MW风力发电机进行分析，对行星齿轮传动系统和斜齿轮传动系统分别说明，判断他们各自在风载变化下的影响。同时，对系统中的滚动轴承的可靠性进行分析说明，在优化系统参数的前提下，对轴承可靠性进行优化。本文的主要工作有：首先，从整体分析2MW风力发电机的物理模型，分别建立行星齿轮传动系统和斜齿轮传动系统的物理模型。对各组成部分（齿轮副）进行力学分析，讨论他们的弹性变形，得出动力学微分方程。同时，考虑到实际的风力发电机的工作情况，分析了激励力对系统的影响。其次，利用数学方法，对系统的各微分方程进行求解说明，考虑风载变化的基础上，对齿轮的使用系数、动载系数和滚动轴承的载荷系数进行表达式说明，并利用MATLAB进行数学求解。接着，在对载荷系数说明的前提下，对系统的可靠性进行评估。分别建立齿轮传动系统与滚动轴承的可靠性评估模型，得到串联系统的可靠性评估模型，并计算相应的可靠度。最后，利用MATLAB的优化工具箱，进行齿轮箱系统的参数优化。并利用优化后的参数，重新选择滚动轴承，并对传动系统的可靠性重新进行计算说明，数据证明优化后的齿轮箱体积变小，可靠度提高。
[Abstract]:Wind power generation is becoming more and more important in the social and economic development, which means that the durability of wind turbines is becoming more and more significant. Under the premise of limited economic investment, it is an important subject of wind power development to obtain more energy and gain more income. As the capacity of wind turbine becomes larger and larger, the load of wind turbine is more and more large in operation, which is equivalent to the higher probability of accidents. This shows that the safety and effectiveness of wind turbines should be considered in the development of wind power generation. Therefore, there are more and more researches on the life and reliability of wind turbines, whether in countries or regions or wind power enterprises. Higher and higher requirements for the unit, inevitably, this effort is also increasing. For the wind turbine components, the transmission part is the gearbox, which occupies a pivotal position. More and more scholars focus on the research of the gearbox, especially in recent years. Most countries want to be self-owned in gear box technology, but also spend a lot of technical research. Static analysis, dynamic analysis, structural analysis, reliability analysis, etc. All this hard work is to ensure that the gearbox drive system can live longer and longer to ensure that the results of wind power generation become more and more remarkable. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the parameters of the gear transmission system of 2MW wind turbine, study its reliability and optimize it. The project was funded by Shaanxi Provincial Natural Fund (2010 JM7017) and Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (2010 JK418), and analyzed the 2MW wind turbine of a wind power group in Shandong Province. The planetary gear transmission system and the helical gear transmission system were explained respectively. Judge their respective effects under wind load changes. At the same time, the reliability of rolling bearing in the system is analyzed, and the bearing reliability is optimized on the premise of optimizing the system parameters. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the physical models of planetary gear transmission system and helical gear transmission system are established from the overall analysis of the physical model of 2MW wind turbine. The mechanical analysis of each component (gear pair) is carried out, their elastic deformation is discussed, and the dynamic differential equation is obtained. At the same time, considering the actual working conditions of the wind turbine, the influence of the excitation force on the system is analyzed. Secondly, by using mathematical method, the differential equations of the system are solved and explained. On the basis of considering the variation of wind load, the use coefficient, dynamic load coefficient and load coefficient of rolling bearing are expressed. MATLAB is used to solve the problem. Then, the reliability of the system is evaluated on the premise of explaining the load coefficient. The reliability evaluation model of gear transmission system and rolling bearing is established, and the reliability evaluation model of series system is obtained, and the corresponding reliability is calculated. Finally, the optimization toolbox of MATLAB is used to optimize the parameters of the gearbox system. Using the optimized parameters, the rolling bearing is re-selected, and the reliability of the transmission system is recalculated. The data show that the optimized gear box is smaller in volume and higher in reliability.
【学位授予单位】：陕西科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH132.41

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