轮胎起重机励磁控制系统的设计
发布时间：2018-07-15 18:16
【摘要】：励磁控制系统是轮胎起重机的重要部件,主要对其起升、变幅机构的直流电动机进行驱动和控制,它对直流电动机的正常作业以及起重机的稳定安全运行有着重大影响。目前的起重机模拟式励磁控制系统采用串电阻起动和调速,能耗大、噪音大、体积大,起动的冲击电流大,调速的范围小、平滑性差,很难满足现有直流电动机运行的可靠性、稳定性、灵活性和经济性等要求。本文针对当前中型轮胎起重机励磁控制系统的改造任务和新建合作项目对励磁控制系统的要求,结合励磁调节控制技术的发展趋势与励磁控制算法,设计了这套基于ATmega128微控制器和IPM智能功率模块驱动控制的数字式轮胎起重机励磁控制系统。本文的主要研究内容如下： 本文首先介绍了直流电动机数字式励磁控制系统的发展现状与优点,分析了现有起重机励磁控制系统亟待解决的问题,讨论了励磁控制中常见控制算法的基本概念和基本思想。在分析研究励磁控制系统和串励直流电动机的基本结构和工作原理的基础上,确定此轮胎起重机励磁控制系统的基本原理和控制方法。 其次,建立串励直流电动机的动态工作数学模型,将直流电动机转速和电流反馈与PID控制算法结合起来,设计了电流转速双闭环PI励磁控制系统,进行了MATLAB仿真并对结果进行了分析。然后在所建立数学模型的基础上结合美国爱特梅尔公司近几年推出的ATmega128微控制器具有高速、低功耗、流水线结构的特点,加之芯片内部集成完整的AD采样端口和PWM输出端口,设计了基于ATmega128微控制器的全新数字式轮胎起重机励磁控制系统。该芯片的使用,在很大程度上简化了励磁控制系统的硬件结构,提高了励磁控制系统的可靠性和抗干扰能力。最后,详细的介绍了这款数字式励磁控制系统的硬件设计和软件实现方法,给出了部分硬件原理图和软件程序及流程图。 现场测试和实际使用效果表明,基于ATmega128的轮胎起重机励磁控制系统具有硬件结构简单、使用方便、可靠性高、控制性能优良和性价比高等优点,其主要性能指标达到或优于同类产品,具有很好的市场前景。
[Abstract]:Excitation control system is an important part of tire crane. It mainly drives and controls DC motor of lifting and amplitude changing mechanism. It has great influence on the normal operation of DC motor and the stable and safe operation of crane. The current analog excitation control system of crane uses series resistance to start and adjust speed, which has the advantages of large energy consumption, large noise, large volume, large impact current, small speed range and poor smoothness, so it is difficult to meet the reliability of the current DC motor. Stability, flexibility and economy requirements. In this paper, according to the task of reconstructing the excitation control system of medium sized tire crane and the requirements of the new cooperative project on excitation control system, combined with the development trend of excitation regulation control technology and excitation control algorithm, A digital tire crane excitation control system based on ATmega128 microcontroller and IPM intelligent power module driver control is designed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, this paper introduces the development status and advantages of DC motor digital excitation control system, and analyzes the problems to be solved urgently in the existing crane excitation control system. The basic concepts and ideas of common control algorithms in excitation control are discussed. On the basis of analyzing and studying the basic structure and working principle of the excitation control system and the series-excited DC motor, the basic principle and control method of the excitation control system of the tire crane are determined. Secondly, the mathematical model of dynamic operation of series DC motor is established. Combining the speed and current feedback of DC motor with pid control algorithm, the double closed loop Pi excitation control system of current speed is designed. MATLAB simulation is carried out and the results are analyzed. Then based on the established mathematical model, the ATmega128 microcontroller developed by Atmel in recent years has the characteristics of high speed, low power consumption, pipeline structure, and the integration of integrated AD sampling port and PWM output port inside the chip. A new digital tire crane excitation control system based on ATmega128 microcontroller is designed. The use of the chip greatly simplifies the hardware structure of the excitation control system and improves the reliability and anti-interference ability of the excitation control system. Finally, the hardware design and software implementation method of the digital excitation control system are introduced in detail, and some hardware schematic diagrams, software programs and flow charts are given. Field test and practical application results show that the excitation control system of tire crane based on ATmega128 has the advantages of simple hardware structure, convenient use, high reliability, excellent control performance and high performance-to-price ratio. Its main performance index achieves or surpasses the similar product, has the very good market prospect.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH213.6
本文编号：2124972
[Abstract]:Excitation control system is an important part of tire crane. It mainly drives and controls DC motor of lifting and amplitude changing mechanism. It has great influence on the normal operation of DC motor and the stable and safe operation of crane. The current analog excitation control system of crane uses series resistance to start and adjust speed, which has the advantages of large energy consumption, large noise, large volume, large impact current, small speed range and poor smoothness, so it is difficult to meet the reliability of the current DC motor. Stability, flexibility and economy requirements. In this paper, according to the task of reconstructing the excitation control system of medium sized tire crane and the requirements of the new cooperative project on excitation control system, combined with the development trend of excitation regulation control technology and excitation control algorithm, A digital tire crane excitation control system based on ATmega128 microcontroller and IPM intelligent power module driver control is designed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, this paper introduces the development status and advantages of DC motor digital excitation control system, and analyzes the problems to be solved urgently in the existing crane excitation control system. The basic concepts and ideas of common control algorithms in excitation control are discussed. On the basis of analyzing and studying the basic structure and working principle of the excitation control system and the series-excited DC motor, the basic principle and control method of the excitation control system of the tire crane are determined. Secondly, the mathematical model of dynamic operation of series DC motor is established. Combining the speed and current feedback of DC motor with pid control algorithm, the double closed loop Pi excitation control system of current speed is designed. MATLAB simulation is carried out and the results are analyzed. Then based on the established mathematical model, the ATmega128 microcontroller developed by Atmel in recent years has the characteristics of high speed, low power consumption, pipeline structure, and the integration of integrated AD sampling port and PWM output port inside the chip. A new digital tire crane excitation control system based on ATmega128 microcontroller is designed. The use of the chip greatly simplifies the hardware structure of the excitation control system and improves the reliability and anti-interference ability of the excitation control system. Finally, the hardware design and software implementation method of the digital excitation control system are introduced in detail, and some hardware schematic diagrams, software programs and flow charts are given. Field test and practical application results show that the excitation control system of tire crane based on ATmega128 has the advantages of simple hardware structure, convenient use, high reliability, excellent control performance and high performance-to-price ratio. Its main performance index achieves or surpasses the similar product, has the very good market prospect.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH213.6
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