柴油加氢装置循环氢离心压缩机组控制系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-07-16 09:20

【摘要】：离心式压缩机是一种叶片旋转式压缩机,已经成为当今工业生产中应用最为普遍的压缩机类型,广泛应用于石油、化工、冶金、矿山等领域。离心式压缩机在压缩和输送化工生产的各种气体中起关键作用,相当于大型生产装置中的心脏部位。保证压缩机组安全、可靠、稳定的持续不间断运行是重中之重。不过,在常规的保护之外,离心式压缩机还有一些固有的而且是难以消除的缺陷,例如稳定工作区域窄,容易发生喘振等,可能因为微小的偏差而造成严重事故,这些事故往往发生的比较突然切无常规性,单单依靠人工判断和预防处理会措手不及。本文以某石化分公司炼油厂200万吨／年柴油加氢装置为背景,对循环氢离心压缩机组控制系统进行了设计,构建了控制系统架构,提出循环氢离心压缩机综合控制策略,全面地考虑了离心压缩机运行中可能发生的因素,对报警、联锁、油压等控制功能进行了分析,对防喘振和调速问题进行了较为深入的研究。设计并实现了基于TS3000 PLC逻辑控制器的控制系统结构,开发了以Intouch HMI软件为核心的压缩机运行监控平台,包括测点清单、报警画面、联锁画面、气路画面、开车画面等,使柴油加氢压缩机在对氢气的输送加压的过程中,操作、监控更加合理与简便,对离心压缩机系统的稳定运行起到积极的作用。通过控制系统投入实际运行过程中循环氢离心压缩机组的运行特性和工艺流程中可能出现的问题,控制方案结合现场工艺的要求进行了修改,保证了压缩机组能够满足工艺生产,实现了压缩输送氢气及柴油脱硫脱氮。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal compressor is a vane rotary compressor, which has been widely used in petroleum, chemical industry, metallurgy, mining and other fields. Centrifugal compressor plays a key role in compressing and transporting all kinds of gases produced in chemical industry, which is the heart of large production plant. Ensure the compressor unit safe, reliable, stable and continuous operation is the most important. However, in addition to conventional protection, centrifugal compressors have some inherent and difficult defects, such as narrow stable working areas, easy to surge and so on, which may cause serious accidents due to minor deviations. These accidents often occur suddenly unconventional, relying solely on manual judgment and prevention will be unprepared. Based on the 2 million t / a diesel hydrogenation unit of a petrochemical subsidiary refinery, the control system of the circulating hydrogen centrifugal compressor is designed, the control system structure is constructed, and the comprehensive control strategy of the circulating hydrogen centrifugal compressor is put forward. Taking into account the possible factors in centrifugal compressor operation, the control functions of alarm, interlock and oil pressure are analyzed, and the problems of anti-surge and speed regulation are deeply studied. The control system structure based on TS3000 PLC logic controller is designed and implemented, and the compressor operation monitoring platform based on Intouch HMI software is developed, including the list of measuring points, alarm screen, interlock screen, gas path picture, driving screen, etc. It is more reasonable and convenient to operate and monitor the diesel hydrogenation compressor in the process of hydrogen transportation and pressurization, which plays a positive role in the stable operation of the centrifugal compressor system. Through the operation characteristics of the circulating hydrogen centrifugal compressor unit and the possible problems in the process flow during the actual operation of the control system, the control scheme is modified in combination with the requirements of the field process. It ensures that the compressor unit can meet the process production and realizes the compression transportation of hydrogen and diesel oil desulphurization and denitrification.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH452

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