惯性往复振动机械非线性支承刚度研究及应用

发布时间：2018-07-16 12:00

【摘要】：振动机械是我国发展非常迅速的一种机械,已广泛运用于冶金、煤炭、电力、公共交通、轻工、粮食加工等行业中,用以完成各种不同工艺过程。目前对该类机械支承刚度的设计大多仍然采用经验与简单计算相结合的方法。为了方便分析,把支承刚度线性化。一般来讲,线性系统只适用于小运动范围,超出这一范围,按线性问题处理就不仅在量上会引起较大误差,而且有时还会出现本质上的差异。支承刚度是振动机械主要的动力学参数之一,对振动机械的动力学设计和动力学特性具有较大的影响。因此,若要进一步提高系统刚度的设计水平,则必须将系统刚度的非线性特性考虑进去。本文对惯性往复振动机械非线性支承刚度的研究进行总结和归纳,针对研究不足之处,进行近一步的研究,主要研究成果如下： 1.以惯性往复振动机械用复杂结构橡胶弹簧为研究对象,利用Ansys有限元软件建立橡胶弹簧的轴对称有限元模型。对模型进行不同轴向静载荷的非线性有限元静力分析,可总结出橡胶弹簧轴向变形与载荷的非线性关系。通过与橡胶弹簧实验测试结果的对比,验证上述有限元分析方法的可行性和正确性。为复杂结构橡胶弹簧的设计、刚度特性分析提供一种有效的方法。并且获得橡胶弹簧轴向变形的刚度公式,为惯性往复振动机械的非线性动力学分析奠定基础。 2.建立惯性往复振动机械线性、硬特性和软特性支承刚度数学模型。通过动力学分析,得出线性、硬特性和软特性支承系统振动体位移曲线和传递力曲线。对比线性、硬特性和软特性支承刚度对系统共振振幅和隔振效果的影响,确定了软特性刚度曲线为较理想的支承刚度特性曲线。 3.以获得理想支承刚度曲线作为橡胶弹簧设计的目标刚度曲线,通过调整橡胶弹簧的形状及结构参数设计出具有与理想刚度曲线较好吻合的橡胶弹簧。
[Abstract]:Vibration machinery has been widely used in metallurgy, coal, electric power, public transportation, light industry, grain processing and other industries. At present, the design of this kind of mechanical support stiffness is still based on the combination of experience and simple calculation. In order to facilitate the analysis, the support stiffness is linearized. Generally speaking, the linear system is only suitable for small motion range, beyond this range, the linear problem processing will not only cause large errors in quantity, but also sometimes there will be essential differences. Bearing stiffness is one of the main dynamic parameters of vibration machinery, which has great influence on the dynamic design and dynamic characteristics of vibration machinery. Therefore, in order to further improve the design level of the system stiffness, the nonlinear characteristics of the system stiffness must be taken into account. In this paper, the research of nonlinear support stiffness of inertial reciprocating vibration machinery is summarized and summarized. In view of the shortcomings of the research, a further study is carried out. The main research results are as follows: 1. The axisymmetric finite element model of rubber spring is established by using Ansys finite element software, taking the rubber spring of complex structure used in inertial reciprocating vibration machinery as the research object. The nonlinear finite element static analysis of the model with different axial static loads is carried out, and the nonlinear relationship between the axial deformation and the load of rubber spring can be summarized. The feasibility and correctness of the above finite element analysis method are verified by comparing with the experimental results of rubber spring. It provides an effective method for the design and stiffness analysis of rubber springs with complex structures. The stiffness formula of rubber spring axial deformation is obtained, which lays a foundation for nonlinear dynamic analysis of inertial reciprocating vibration machinery. A mathematical model of linear, hard and soft supporting stiffness of inertial reciprocating vibration mechanism is established. Through dynamic analysis, the displacement curve and transfer force curve of vibration body of linear, hard and soft supporting system are obtained. Compared with the influence of linear, hard and soft characteristic supporting stiffness on the resonance amplitude and vibration isolation effect of the system, the soft characteristic stiffness curve is determined to be an ideal supporting stiffness characteristic curve. 3. By adjusting the shape and structure parameters of the rubber spring, the rubber spring with ideal stiffness curve is designed by taking the ideal support stiffness curve as the target stiffness curve of the rubber spring design, and the rubber spring with good agreement with the ideal stiffness curve is designed by adjusting the shape and structure parameters of the rubber spring.
【学位授予单位】：河南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH113

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