平台式垃圾压块机设计及控制系统研究

发布时间：2018-08-06 09:20

【摘要】：垃圾中转是城市生活垃圾处理过程中的一个关键环节，垃圾压块机则是垃圾中转站中对生活垃圾进行压缩减容处理的重要设备。本课题以平台式垃圾压块机为研究对象，旨在对老旧结构进行改良，同时对设备的液压系统和电气控制系统进行设计,增强整体设备的实用性和自动化水平。不仅提高了垃圾运转效率，降低了劳动成本，而且能够避免垃圾运输中的二次污染，保护环境。本课题主要解决三个方面的问题，即垃圾压块机整体结构的优化设计、液压控制系统的设计和电气控制系统的设计。机械结构设计部分，针对现有垃圾压块机上料困难、压缩不彻底、后期难清理等问题对其结构进行优化设计，确定垃圾压块机为平台式结构，采用垂直式压缩。此外，在此结构的基础上对各组成部分进行受力分析和应力校核，确保结构的准确性和实用性。液压系统设计部分，，根据垃圾压块机的工作情况，分析动作需求，确定液压回路，完成液压系统的设计并绘制液压原理图。同时对液压系统的主要元件以及相关辅件进行选型计算和校核。电气控制系统设计部分，采用PLC作为控制器，完成垃圾压块机控制系统设计及系统调试。主要包括确定系统的电气硬件组成方案，绘制电气控制电路图，对主要的电气元件进行选型；完成PLC的选型、I/O地址分配等硬件设计；编制系统流程图及梯形图，并对程序编译及调试。经过调试后，程序达到了预定的控制要求。此外，在上位机中利用组态软件WinCC开发出友好的用户监控界面。在WinCC平台下将设备运行参数以实时记录，更好地反映系统的运行情况以及监测系统的运行状态，为设备维护和生产管理提供实时、可靠的决策依据。最后，关于进一步工作的方向进行了简要的讨论。
[Abstract]:Refuse transfer is a key link in the process of municipal solid waste disposal, and the garbage press is an important equipment for reducing the capacity of domestic waste in the refuse transfer station. The purpose of this paper is to improve the old structure, design the hydraulic system and electrical control system of the equipment, and enhance the practicability and automation level of the whole equipment. It not only improves the efficiency of garbage operation, reduces the labor cost, but also avoids the secondary pollution in garbage transportation and protects the environment. This paper mainly solves three problems, that is, the optimization design of the whole structure of garbage press, the design of hydraulic control system and the design of electric control system. In the part of mechanical structure design, aiming at the problems of difficult loading, incomplete compression and difficult cleaning in the later stage, the structure of the garbage press is optimized, and the garbage press is determined to be a platform structure, and the vertical compression is adopted. In addition, on the basis of the structure, the stress analysis and stress check are carried out to ensure the accuracy and practicability of the structure. In the part of hydraulic system design, according to the working condition of garbage press, the operation requirement is analyzed, the hydraulic circuit is determined, the hydraulic system design is completed and the hydraulic principle diagram is drawn. At the same time, the main components of hydraulic system and related accessories are selected and checked. In the part of electrical control system design, PLC is used as controller to design and debug the control system of garbage press. It mainly includes determining the electrical hardware composition scheme of the system, drawing the electric control circuit diagram, selecting the main electrical components, completing the hardware design of PLC selection / I / O address assignment, compiling the system flow chart and trapezoid diagram, And the program compilation and debugging. After debugging, the program meets the scheduled control requirements. In addition, a friendly user monitoring interface is developed by using configuration software WinCC in the upper computer. The operating parameters of the equipment are recorded in real time on the WinCC platform, which can better reflect the running situation of the system and monitor the running state of the system, and provide a real-time and reliable decision basis for the maintenance and production management of the equipment. Finally, the direction of further work is briefly discussed.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP273;TU993.3;TH69

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