往复氢气压缩机管系振动原因分析及结构改进
发布时间：2018-08-06 11:34
【摘要】：往复式压缩机主要包括：活塞式压缩机,柱塞式压缩机,其中以活塞式压缩机的应用最为广泛。活塞式压缩机是靠一个或者几个活塞通过在密闭容器中的往复运动压缩气体的一种压缩机。由于活塞式压缩机周期性的吸气、排气,产生了气流的脉动,气流脉动对压缩机管道产生压力很大的撞击,致使管道产生振动。振动对压缩机的危害很大,能使仪表失灵,降低气阀的灵敏度,降低压缩机的容积效率。剧烈的管道振动会造成有毒有害气体泄漏,甚至爆炸,严重危害人民的生命财产安全。因此,研究活塞式压缩机管系振动问题,并提出防振措施具有十分重要的现实意义和理论意义。 本文首先应用工程实践中常用的激发主频率计算公式,计算出压缩机的激发主频率。再应用Pro/engineer建立压缩机的管系结构图,将管系分为四段相互独立的管段,导入ansys10.0对管系中的气柱进行模态分析,得出气柱的工作频率。然后,应用ansys10.0分别对四段管系进行模态分析,得出其前10阶固有频率和振型图。为了使激发频率、气柱工作频率和管系的固有频率不在共振区,通过改进管系的结构使管系的固有频率远离气柱工作频率,避免管系和气柱的共振。通过增设管系支架和改善管道结构来改变管系的固有频率,使其远离激发频率区,为优化管道提供可靠的理论依据。通过增设气流孔板使气柱的工作频率远离激发频率。 对管道进行谐响应分析,通过模拟实际情况,加载相应的载荷,应用ansys进行计算,得出管系振动的结果,并得出振动位移较大处的位移图像,在此处添加相应的支架和孔板等约束,改善振动情况。再进行分析计算,使其满足振动的允许值。 最后,提出了在管道设计中消减气流脉动、设置缓冲器和孔板,避免管道和气柱共振等防振减震措施。这些措施和方法不仅在设计阶段可以应用,而且在压缩机正常工作期间,当出现相应问题时可以做出相应的调整,具有很重要的实用价值。
[Abstract]:Reciprocating compressors include piston compressors and plunger compressors, among which piston compressors are the most widely used. A piston compressor is a compressor that compresses gas by one or more pistons through reciprocating motion in a closed vessel. Due to the periodic suction and exhaust of the piston compressor, the pulsation of the air flow produces a great impact on the compressor pipeline, resulting in the vibration of the pipeline. Vibration is very harmful to the compressor, which can make the instrument fail, reduce the sensitivity of the valve and reduce the volumetric efficiency of the compressor. Violent pipe vibration will cause toxic and harmful gas leakage, even explosion, seriously endangering the safety of people's lives and property. Therefore, it is of great practical and theoretical significance to study the vibration of piston compressor and put forward the anti-vibration measures. In this paper, the excitation main frequency of compressor is calculated by using the calculation formula of excitation main frequency which is commonly used in engineering practice. Then Pro/engineer is used to establish the structure diagram of the compressor system, and the pipe system is divided into four independent sections. The modal analysis of the gas column in the pipeline system is carried out by introducing ansys10.0, and the working frequency of the gas column is obtained. Then, the modal analysis of the four-section tube system is carried out by ansys10.0, and the first 10 natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained. In order to make the excitation frequency, the operating frequency of the gas column and the natural frequency of the pipe system are not in the resonance region, the natural frequency of the pipe system can be separated from the operating frequency of the gas column by improving the structure of the pipe system, and the resonance of the pipe system and the gas column can be avoided. By adding pipe support and improving pipeline structure, the natural frequency of pipe system is changed, which is far from the excitation frequency region, which provides a reliable theoretical basis for the optimization of pipeline. The working frequency of the gas column is far from the excitation frequency by adding air orifice plate. The harmonic response of the pipeline is analyzed. By simulating the actual situation, loading the corresponding load, using ansys to calculate, the result of the pipe system vibration is obtained, and the displacement image where the vibration displacement is large is obtained. Add appropriate support and hole plate constraints here to improve vibration. Then analysis and calculation are carried out to make it meet the allowable value of vibration. Finally, some measures are put forward, such as reducing the flow pulsation in the pipeline design, setting the buffer and orifice plate, avoiding the resonance of the pipeline and the gas column, and so on. These measures and methods can be applied not only in the design stage, but also in the normal operation of the compressor, when the corresponding problems can be adjusted accordingly, it is of great practical value.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH45
本文编号：2167611
[Abstract]:Reciprocating compressors include piston compressors and plunger compressors, among which piston compressors are the most widely used. A piston compressor is a compressor that compresses gas by one or more pistons through reciprocating motion in a closed vessel. Due to the periodic suction and exhaust of the piston compressor, the pulsation of the air flow produces a great impact on the compressor pipeline, resulting in the vibration of the pipeline. Vibration is very harmful to the compressor, which can make the instrument fail, reduce the sensitivity of the valve and reduce the volumetric efficiency of the compressor. Violent pipe vibration will cause toxic and harmful gas leakage, even explosion, seriously endangering the safety of people's lives and property. Therefore, it is of great practical and theoretical significance to study the vibration of piston compressor and put forward the anti-vibration measures. In this paper, the excitation main frequency of compressor is calculated by using the calculation formula of excitation main frequency which is commonly used in engineering practice. Then Pro/engineer is used to establish the structure diagram of the compressor system, and the pipe system is divided into four independent sections. The modal analysis of the gas column in the pipeline system is carried out by introducing ansys10.0, and the working frequency of the gas column is obtained. Then, the modal analysis of the four-section tube system is carried out by ansys10.0, and the first 10 natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained. In order to make the excitation frequency, the operating frequency of the gas column and the natural frequency of the pipe system are not in the resonance region, the natural frequency of the pipe system can be separated from the operating frequency of the gas column by improving the structure of the pipe system, and the resonance of the pipe system and the gas column can be avoided. By adding pipe support and improving pipeline structure, the natural frequency of pipe system is changed, which is far from the excitation frequency region, which provides a reliable theoretical basis for the optimization of pipeline. The working frequency of the gas column is far from the excitation frequency by adding air orifice plate. The harmonic response of the pipeline is analyzed. By simulating the actual situation, loading the corresponding load, using ansys to calculate, the result of the pipe system vibration is obtained, and the displacement image where the vibration displacement is large is obtained. Add appropriate support and hole plate constraints here to improve vibration. Then analysis and calculation are carried out to make it meet the allowable value of vibration. Finally, some measures are put forward, such as reducing the flow pulsation in the pipeline design, setting the buffer and orifice plate, avoiding the resonance of the pipeline and the gas column, and so on. These measures and methods can be applied not only in the design stage, but also in the normal operation of the compressor, when the corresponding problems can be adjusted accordingly, it is of great practical value.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH45
【参考文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 龙晶;化工管线振动有限元分析与减振措施[D];大庆石油学院;2008年
2 陈海峰;往复压缩机管道振动特性及安全评定研究[D];中国石油大学;2009年
3 徐洪淼;离心压缩机振动故障分析与处理[D];沈阳工业大学;2009年
，本文编号：2167611
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