基于应力分析的门座起重机寿命评估方法研究
发布时间：2018-08-15 16:19
【摘要】：门座起重机在港口经济建设中起着不可或缺的重要作用,然而受自然条件的影响,门座起重机容易腐蚀,再加上作业频繁,疲劳破坏的现象极为普遍,每一个运动的金属结构部件,只要它承受反复载荷的作用,都可能发生裂纹萌生、扩展,并导致突然断裂的疲劳破坏,国内港口每年都因起重设备作业造成大量的财产损失和人身伤害事故,研究并预防事故的发生对社会的安全生产具有重大的意义。《起重机械定期检验规则》TSG Q7015-2008中第十四条内容要求:对于使用时间超过15年以上、处于严重腐蚀环境(如海边、潮湿地区等)或者强风区域、使用频率高的大型起重机械,应当根据具体情况有针对性地增加其他检验手段,必要时根据大型起重机械实际安全状况和使用单位安全管理水平能力,进行安全评估。 针对门座起重机金属结构的主要破坏形式:疲劳断裂,作者将本地港口一台使用年限超过15年的门座起重机作为研究对象,以Miner疲劳损伤累积理论和雨流计数法为理论基础,运用动态应力分析仪和静态应力分析仪采集各种工况的使用应力并整理该门座起重机的设计参数和一个工作日内的实际工作参数,对照各项疲劳参数值并最终推导出疲劳剩余寿命计算公式,为港口门座起重机疲劳剩余寿命评估提供可行的方法和手段,对准确估算门座起重机疲劳剩余寿命提供科学的数据。 本研究成果能够相对准确地估算出港口门座起重机的剩余寿命,对减少门座起重机疲劳破坏事故的发生,指导起重机的设计、制造和特种设备的检验分析具有重要意义,为特种设备现场检测提供新的有效方法,并为我国建立特种设备安全动态监管机制提供技术支撑,对确保门座起重机的合理利用和指导设备安全运行有着重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Gantry cranes play an indispensable and important role in port economic construction. However, due to the influence of natural conditions, gantry cranes are prone to corrosion, coupled with frequent operations, and fatigue damage is very common. Every moving part of a metal structure, as long as it is subjected to repeated loads, may cause crack initiation, propagation, and fatigue failure caused by sudden fracture. Every year, a large number of property losses and personal injury accidents are caused by lifting equipment operations in domestic ports. The study and prevention of accidents is of great significance to the safety of production in society. Article 14 of TSG Q7015-2008 requires that for a period of more than 15 years, it is in a serious corrosive environment (such as seaside). In humid areas, or in strong wind areas, large lifting appliances with high frequency should be added to other inspection methods according to specific conditions, Evaluate the safety of large crane according to the actual safety condition and the safety management ability of the user when necessary. In view of the main failure form of portal crane metal structure: fatigue fracture, the author takes a portal crane with service life of more than 15 years in local port as the research object, based on Miner fatigue damage accumulation theory and rain flow counting method. The dynamic stress analyzer and static stress analyzer are used to collect the working stress of the gantry crane and to arrange the design parameters of the gantry crane and the actual working parameters within one working day. According to the fatigue parameter values and finally the formula of fatigue residual life is deduced, which provides a feasible method and means for evaluating the fatigue residual life of port gantry cranes, and provides scientific data for accurately estimating the fatigue residual life of portal cranes. The results of this study can estimate the residual life of port gantry cranes relatively accurately. It is of great significance to reduce the occurrence of fatigue damage accidents of gantry cranes, guide the design, manufacture of cranes and test and analysis of special equipment. It is of great significance to provide a new effective method for the field inspection of special equipment and to provide technical support for the establishment of a dynamic supervision mechanism for the safety of special equipment in our country. It is of great significance to ensure the rational use of gantry cranes and to guide the safe operation of the equipment.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH213.4
本文编号：2184744
[Abstract]:Gantry cranes play an indispensable and important role in port economic construction. However, due to the influence of natural conditions, gantry cranes are prone to corrosion, coupled with frequent operations, and fatigue damage is very common. Every moving part of a metal structure, as long as it is subjected to repeated loads, may cause crack initiation, propagation, and fatigue failure caused by sudden fracture. Every year, a large number of property losses and personal injury accidents are caused by lifting equipment operations in domestic ports. The study and prevention of accidents is of great significance to the safety of production in society. Article 14 of TSG Q7015-2008 requires that for a period of more than 15 years, it is in a serious corrosive environment (such as seaside). In humid areas, or in strong wind areas, large lifting appliances with high frequency should be added to other inspection methods according to specific conditions, Evaluate the safety of large crane according to the actual safety condition and the safety management ability of the user when necessary. In view of the main failure form of portal crane metal structure: fatigue fracture, the author takes a portal crane with service life of more than 15 years in local port as the research object, based on Miner fatigue damage accumulation theory and rain flow counting method. The dynamic stress analyzer and static stress analyzer are used to collect the working stress of the gantry crane and to arrange the design parameters of the gantry crane and the actual working parameters within one working day. According to the fatigue parameter values and finally the formula of fatigue residual life is deduced, which provides a feasible method and means for evaluating the fatigue residual life of port gantry cranes, and provides scientific data for accurately estimating the fatigue residual life of portal cranes. The results of this study can estimate the residual life of port gantry cranes relatively accurately. It is of great significance to reduce the occurrence of fatigue damage accidents of gantry cranes, guide the design, manufacture of cranes and test and analysis of special equipment. It is of great significance to provide a new effective method for the field inspection of special equipment and to provide technical support for the establishment of a dynamic supervision mechanism for the safety of special equipment in our country. It is of great significance to ensure the rational use of gantry cranes and to guide the safe operation of the equipment.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH213.4
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