船用止推轴承热流动力润滑特性研究

发布时间：2018-08-20 10:32

【摘要】：船用轴承故障主要是因负荷过大而导致油膜局部温度过高,使油膜破裂形成无油膜摩擦,并最终导致轴承表面被损坏。为进一步提高船用止推轴承的润滑性能,本论文开展了船用金斯伯雷止推轴承热流动力润滑特性研究。首先,基于流体动压润滑理论,以船用金斯伯雷止推轴承系统为研究对象,建立以雷诺方程、油膜能量方程、油膜厚度方程、油膜温粘方程为元素的热流动力润滑止推轴承数学模型,并确定了边界条件,定义了衡量轴承性能的承载力和摩擦扭矩参数,给出了Reynolds方程和能量方程的有限差分求解方法。其次,开展了止推轴承等温润滑特性研究,数值分析了润滑膜厚、轴瓦倾角和转速对平面瓦面止推轴承承载力和摩擦扭矩的影响规律。结果表明,随着油膜厚度的增加,轴承承载能力和摩擦扭矩迅速减小；随着倾角的增加,止推轴承的承载能力明显增加,而摩擦扭矩显著减小；随着转速的增加,轴承承载能力和摩擦扭矩均迅速增加。再次,开展了止推轴承热流润滑特性研究,数值分析了润滑膜厚、轴瓦倾角和转速对平面瓦面止推轴承油膜温度分布、承载力和摩擦扭矩的影响规律。结果表明,油膜温度沿剪切方向逐渐升高,在出口处出现最大温升,温粘效导致止推轴承承载能力降低。轴承润滑油膜温升受膜厚、轴瓦倾角和转速的影响,膜厚越小、转速越高,油膜温升越大；轴瓦倾角越大,油膜温升越小。膜厚越小、转速越高、轴瓦倾角越大,轴承承载力越大。最后,开展了止推轴承轴瓦瓦面改进研究,比较分析了平面形面、圆柱形面、横弯形面、反横弯形面、球形形面和马鞍形面6种瓦面形面的油膜压力分布和温度分布,以及最大温升和承载力的变化规律。结果表明,轴瓦形面对轴瓦油膜温升和承载能力影响明显,圆柱形面轴瓦具有较高的承载能力和较小的油膜温升,润滑性能最好；横弯形面轴瓦承载能力最小,油膜温升最高,润滑性能最差。本论文理论分析了止推轴承热流润滑特性规律,并通过对比分析提出了轴承轴瓦形面的改进设计,研究结果对于船用止推轴承设计具有一定的工程参考价值。
[Abstract]:The fault of marine bearing is mainly caused by excessive load, which results in excessive local temperature of oil film, resulting in oil film rupture and non-oil film friction, and finally leading to bearing surface damage. In order to further improve the lubricating performance of marine thrust bearings, a study on the heat flow dynamic lubrication characteristics of marine Kingsbury thrust bearings was carried out in this paper. Firstly, based on the hydrodynamic lubrication theory, the Reynolds equation, the oil film energy equation and the oil film thickness equation are established by taking the ship's Kingsbury thrust bearing system as the research object, which includes the Reynolds equation, the oil film energy equation and the oil film thickness equation. The mathematical model of thermal fluid dynamic lubricated thrust bearing with oil film temperature viscosity equation is presented. The boundary conditions are determined, the bearing capacity and friction torque parameters are defined to measure the bearing performance, and the finite difference solution method of Reynolds equation and energy equation is given. Secondly, the isothermal lubrication characteristics of thrust bearing are studied, and the influence of lubrication film thickness, bearing inclination angle and rotating speed on bearing capacity and friction torque are analyzed numerically. The results show that the bearing capacity and friction torque decrease rapidly with the increase of oil film thickness, the bearing capacity of thrust bearing increases obviously with the increase of inclination angle, and the friction torque decreases significantly with the increase of rotational speed. Bearing capacity and friction torque increase rapidly. Thirdly, the heat flow lubrication characteristics of thrust bearing are studied, and the effects of lubrication film thickness, bearing inclination angle and rotation speed on the temperature distribution, bearing capacity and friction torque of planar thrust bearing are analyzed numerically. The results show that the oil film temperature increases gradually along the shear direction, and the maximum temperature rise occurs at the outlet, and the bearing capacity of the thrust bearing decreases due to the temperature viscosity effect. The film temperature rise of bearing lubricating oil is affected by film thickness, bearing inclination angle and rotating speed. The smaller the film thickness is, the higher the rotational speed is, the greater the oil film temperature is, and the greater the inclination angle of bearing bush is, the smaller the oil film temperature rise is. The smaller the film thickness, the higher the rotating speed, the greater the inclination angle of the bearing and the greater the bearing capacity. Finally, the improvement research on the bearing bush surface is carried out, and the oil film pressure distribution and temperature distribution of six kinds of tile surfaces, such as plane surface, cylindrical surface, transverse curved surface, anti-transverse curved surface, spherical surface and saddle surface, are compared and analyzed. And the variation law of maximum temperature rise and bearing capacity. The results show that the bearing shape has obvious influence on the oil film temperature rise and bearing capacity of the bearing, the cylindrical bearing has higher bearing capacity and smaller oil film temperature rise, and the lubrication performance is the best, and the transverse curved bearing has the smallest bearing capacity and the highest oil film temperature rise. The lubrication performance is the worst. In this paper, the characteristics of heat flow lubrication of thrust bearing are analyzed theoretically, and the improved design of bearing bush is put forward through comparison and analysis. The research results have some engineering reference value for the design of marine thrust bearing.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH133.3

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