射流伺服阀用超磁致伸缩执行器的应用研究

发布时间：2018-08-21 07:27

【摘要】：超磁致伸缩材料（Giant Magnetostrictive Material，简称GMM），是一种新型的功能材料，磁致伸缩应变大、响应速度快、能量密度高等是该类材料的显著特点，因其优异的性能、良好的应用前景，而得到世界各国学者的关注。本文设计了一种适于射流伺服阀驱动的新型超磁致伸缩执行器（Giant MagnetostrictiveActuator，简称GMA），并且开展了射流伺服阀用超磁致伸缩执行器结构设计、磁路特性有限元数值分析与优化、温度被动补偿与主动散热结构、温度场有限元数值分析与数学建模以及实验测试等方面进行了研究。在GMA的磁路结构设计方面，通过永磁体和线圈结合式与双线圈驱动方式的对比，确定了适合GMA的双线圈磁场驱动方式；根据磁路设计的基本理论，确定了射流伺服阀用超磁致伸缩执行器的驱动线圈和偏置线圈的设计方案；通过COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS有限元仿真软件，对射流伺服阀用超磁致伸缩执行器的磁场进行了数值计算，得出了GMM棒上的磁感应强度呈“马鞍型”分布：相同驱动电流时，偏置电流越大，产生的磁感应强度越大，这为射流伺服阀用超磁致伸缩执行器设计时偏置电流的选择提供了理论依据；GMM棒直径越小，长度越长，产生的磁感应强度越均匀；选择磁导率较大的导磁体能够提高磁感应强度的大小；改变调节螺钉的接触形式，磁感应强度的均匀性随之变化等等。通过不同结构、不同参数的有限元数值计算，确定了射流伺服阀用超磁致伸缩执行器的磁路优化方案。在GMA散热结构与热位移被动补偿设计方面，确定了射流伺服阀用超磁致伸缩执行器的主动散热与机械补偿结构的温控方式，设计了完整的温控系统。在进行射流伺服阀用超磁致伸缩执行器的主动散热的分析中，采用了有限元数值模拟的计算方法，分析了水冷与油冷的冷却效果：流动水的冷却效果要优于流动油的冷却效果，这是热对流现象；静态水的冷却效果劣于静态油的冷却效果，这是导热现象。在进行射流伺服阀用超磁致伸缩执行器的被动机械结构补偿的分析中，通过实验的方法，获得其热位移影响在10μm以上；通过对主动散热与机械补偿结构的温控方式的实验研究，得到射流伺服阀用超磁致伸缩执行器的输出位移在连续工作十个小时的工况下，其热位移输出可以控制在3μm以内，达到了温控要求。最后，在综合分析了电磁优化与温控补偿优化方案之后，加工制造了射流伺服阀用超磁致伸缩执行器样机，搭建了实验测试系统，对其位移或力静、动态输出特性进行了实验研究。实验测得设计的超磁致伸缩执行器频响在600Hz以上，阶跃响应时间在1ms左右，为射流伺服阀用超磁致伸缩执行器的理论研究提供了实验依据。
[Abstract]:Giant magnetostrictive material (Giant Magnetostrictive Material,) is a new functional material. The magnetostrictive strain is large, the response speed is fast, and the energy density is high. And get the attention of scholars all over the world. In this paper, a new giant magnetostrictive actuator (Giant MagnetostrictiveActuator,) suitable for jet servo valve driving is designed, and the structure design, finite element numerical analysis and optimization of magnetic circuit characteristic are carried out for the giant magnetostrictive actuator for jet servo valve. The passive temperature compensation and active heat dissipation structure, the finite element numerical analysis and mathematical modeling of temperature field, and the experimental test are studied. In the aspect of magnetic circuit structure design of GMA, through the comparison between permanent magnet and coils combined mode and double coil drive mode, the two-coil magnetic field drive mode suitable for GMA is determined, and according to the basic theory of magnetic circuit design, according to the basic theory of magnetic circuit design, The design scheme of driving coil and bias coil of giant magnetostrictive actuator for jet servo valve is determined, and the magnetic field of giant magnetostrictive actuator used in jet servo valve is numerically calculated by COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS finite element simulation software. It is concluded that the magnetic induction intensity on the GMM rod is "saddle": the larger the bias current is, the greater the magnetic induction intensity is when the driving current is the same. This provides a theoretical basis for the selection of bias current in the design of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator for jet servo valve. The smaller the diameter and the longer the length of the GMM rod, the more uniform the magnetic induction intensity is. Choosing the magnetic conductors with high permeability can increase the intensity of magnetic induction, change the contact form of the adjusting screw, and change the uniformity of the intensity of magnetic induction and so on. Through the finite element numerical calculation of different structures and different parameters, the magnetic circuit optimization scheme of giant magnetostrictive actuator for jet servo valve is determined. In the aspect of GMA heat dissipation structure and thermal displacement passive compensation design, the active heat dissipation and mechanical compensation structure of the giant magnetostrictive actuator for jet servo valve are determined, and a complete temperature control system is designed. In the analysis of active heat dissipation of giant magnetostrictive actuator for jet servo valve, the finite element numerical simulation method is used to analyze the cooling effect of water cooling and oil cooling: the cooling effect of flowing water is better than that of flowing oil. The cooling effect of static water is worse than that of static oil, which is a heat conduction phenomenon. In the analysis of the passive mechanical structure compensation of giant magnetostrictive actuator for jet servo valve, the influence of thermal displacement on the passive mechanical structure is more than 10 渭 m through the experimental method, and the experimental study on the temperature control mode of the active heat dissipation and mechanical compensation structure is carried out. The output displacement of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator for jet servo valve can be controlled within 3 渭 m under the condition of ten hours of continuous operation, which meets the requirement of temperature control. Finally, after the comprehensive analysis of electromagnetic optimization and temperature control compensation optimization scheme, the prototype of giant magnetostrictive actuator for jet servo valve is manufactured, and an experimental testing system is built. The dynamic output characteristics are studied experimentally. The experimental results show that the frequency response of the designed giant magnetostrictive actuator is above 600Hz and the step response time is about 1ms, which provides an experimental basis for the theoretical study of the giant magnetostrictive actuator for jet servo valve.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH134

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