塔式起重机基于RBI的安全评估方法研究及软件开发

发布时间：2018-09-11 18:30

【摘要】：近年来,随着科学技术的不断进步,塔式起重机向着设备大型化、多样化方向发展,使作业过程发生事故的可能性增大,并且诱发事故的因素更复杂,造成的危害和损失也越来越大。而通过合理检测可有效降低起重机的失效。本文引用了已在石化行业普遍应用的RBI检测技术,可避免传统检测中存在的过度检测、检测不足及检测费用高等缺点,对塔式起重机进行了安全评估,并编制了安全评估软件。首先,本文总结了塔式起重机的失效原因及失效后果,建立了FMEA数据库,制定了数据采集表,以方便收集各类失效数据,为接下来应用RBI进行定性和定量评估提供了基础。其次,对塔式起重机进行定性评估。根据影响塔式起重机定性评估的各类因素制定了系数,给出各系数的权值,并对失效后果进行了等级划分,然后根据RBI的风险分析矩阵得出塔式起重机各零部件的风险。对定性分析得出的中高风险零件进行定量分析。根据采集的失效数据,计算零件的通用失效概率,然后采用层次分析法和多层次灰色评价方法计算设备修正系数,再根据企业的实际情况,给出管理系数。通过以上两个系数对通用失效概率进行修正,得出失效概率。同时,根据给出的失效后果的计算方法,利用风险矩阵计算零件的风险等级,并根据风险等级给出相应的检测方法及得出检测周期的方法。最后,利用Visual Basic6.0和Access建立了塔式起重机定性定量风险评估软件,以方便制定各零部件的检测周期和检测方法。 RBI技术在塔式起重机安全评估中的应用是塔式起重机检测技术发展的一种新思路,且避免了传统检测的许多缺点,必将大大提高塔式起重机械的安全管理,对起重机械事故预防和安全性设计提供了一定的借鉴和参考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous progress of science and technology, tower cranes are developing towards the direction of large-scale and diversified equipment, which makes the possibility of accidents in the operation process increase, and the factors causing accidents are more complex. The damage and losses caused are also increasing. The failure of crane can be effectively reduced by reasonable inspection. In this paper, the RBI detection technology, which has been widely used in petrochemical industry, is used to avoid the disadvantages of excessive detection, insufficient detection and high detection cost in traditional detection. The safety assessment of tower crane is carried out and the safety evaluation software is developed. Firstly, this paper summarizes the failure reason and consequence of tower crane, establishes FMEA database and sets up data acquisition table to collect all kinds of failure data conveniently, which provides the foundation for qualitative and quantitative evaluation with RBI. Secondly, the tower crane is evaluated qualitatively. According to the factors influencing the qualitative evaluation of tower cranes, the coefficients are formulated, the weights of each coefficient are given, and the failure consequences are classified. Then, the risk of each part of tower crane is obtained according to the risk analysis matrix of RBI. The qualitative analysis of the high-risk parts of the quantitative analysis. According to the collected failure data, the general failure probability of the parts is calculated, and then the equipment correction coefficient is calculated by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the multi-level grey evaluation method, and the management coefficient is given according to the actual situation of the enterprise. The general failure probability is modified by the above two coefficients, and the failure probability is obtained. At the same time, according to the calculation method of failure consequence, the risk grade of parts is calculated by using the risk matrix, and the corresponding detection method and the method of obtaining the detection period are given according to the risk level. Finally, the qualitative and quantitative risk assessment software of tower crane is established by using Visual Basic6.0 and Access. The application of RBI technology in the safety evaluation of tower crane is a new way of development of tower crane detection technology and avoids many shortcomings of traditional inspection. It will greatly improve the safety management of tower crane and provide some reference for the accident prevention and safety design of crane.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH213.3

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