摆线钢球行星减速器优化设计及有限元分析

发布时间：2018-10-08 12:01

【摘要】：机械传动在机械工程中的广泛应用,以及在实际应用中对机械传动的高要求,使得新型传动结构的研究成为热门。本文研究的是新型行星传动——端面啮合摆线钢球行星传动减速器,它有着体积小、效率高、承载能力强等优点,对其进行结构和性能上的优化分析,有利于提高产品质量、降低生产成本,这在实际生产中有着十分重要的意义。本文在参考大量文献的基础上,对其机械结构及传动原理作了详细的分析,以体积最小和效率最高为目标函数对其结构和性能进行优化,并绘制了优化后的减速器的三维实体装配图,最后对主要结构部件进行力学分析。本文主要分以下几个方面来研究: 第一、分析摆线钢球行星减速器的结构构成及其传动原理,根据减速器的结构特点、初始条件和研究所期望的目标,确定了优化数学模型的设计变量和两分目标函数,并用线性加权法统一了目标函数;在参阅大量文献的基础上,编写钢球与行星盘摆线槽和环形槽啮合强度计算公式、发生根切计算式、设定各参变量的适用范围并分析了各设计变量的大小变化对机构体积和效率的影响,最终建立了以体积最小和效率最大为目标的多目标优化数学模型。第二、运用Matlab工程软件中的遗传算法工具箱对优化数学模型进行优化计算,计算之前根据Matlab编程原理和遗传算法理论编写了本优化计算的M文件,调用工具箱完成优化计算并取得各设计变量值,再将优化设计结果与传统设计方案相比较,得出的结论是:体积减小17.91%、效率提高0.45%。第三、由优化设计得出的参数值,运用Pro/E软件绘制出减速器的行星盘、中心盘及输出机构三维模型。查阅工具书资料,选取适合与本减速器的零部件,如:油杯、螺塞、密封圈、轴承等,再由Pro/E组装各零部件图成为一个完整的结构。第四、对减速器的重要部件(钢球与行星盘)进行理论上的力学分析,计算出行星盘与各个钢球的接触力大小,找到接触力最大处,再用Pro/E将行星盘与钢球接触力最大处截取出来并作相应的简化处理,最后运用ANSYS软件进行分析。通过ANSYS的接触力学分析显示,ANSYS的分析结果与理论计算值相差2.23%,在许可范围之内,也验证了力学分析的正确性。
[Abstract]:With the wide application of mechanical transmission in mechanical engineering and the high requirement of mechanical transmission in practical application, the research of new transmission structure has become a hot topic. In this paper, a new type of planetary gear-face meshing cycloidal ball planetary transmission reducer is studied. It has the advantages of small volume, high efficiency, strong bearing capacity, etc. The structure and performance of the reducer are optimized to improve the quality of the product. Reduce production cost, this has very important meaning in actual production. Based on a large number of references, this paper makes a detailed analysis of its mechanical structure and transmission principle, and optimizes its structure and performance by taking the minimum volume and the highest efficiency as objective functions. The 3D solid assembly diagram of the optimized reducer is drawn. Finally, the mechanical analysis of the main structural components is carried out. This paper is mainly divided into the following aspects: first, the structure of cycloidal steel ball planetary reducer and its transmission principle are analyzed, according to the structural characteristics of the reducer, the initial conditions and the desired objectives. The design variable and two-part objective function of the optimization mathematical model are determined, and the objective function is unified by the linear weighting method, and the meshing strength formula of the cycloid groove and annular groove of the steel ball and the planetary disk is compiled on the basis of a large number of references. The formula of root cutting occurs, the applicable range of each parameter is set up, and the influence of the size of each design variable on the volume and efficiency of the mechanism is analyzed. Finally, a multi-objective optimization mathematical model with the goal of minimum volume and maximum efficiency is established. Secondly, the optimization mathematical model is optimized by using genetic algorithm toolbox in Matlab engineering software. The M file of this optimization calculation is compiled according to Matlab programming principle and genetic algorithm theory before calculation. The optimization calculation is completed by calling the toolbox and the value of each design variable is obtained. Then the optimized design result is compared with the traditional design scheme. The conclusion is that the volume is reduced by 17.91 and the efficiency is increased by 0.45. Thirdly, the three dimensional models of planetary disk, center disk and output mechanism of reducer are drawn by using Pro/E software. Consult reference books, select suitable parts with this reducer, such as: oil cup, screw plug, seal ring, bearing, etc., and then assemble each component diagram into a complete structure by Pro/E. Fourth, the important parts of the reducer (steel ball and planetary disk) are theoretically analyzed, the contact force between the planetary disk and each ball is calculated, and the maximum contact force is found. Then the maximum contact force between the planetary disk and the ball is intercepted by Pro/E and the corresponding simplified treatment is made. Finally, the analysis is carried out by using ANSYS software. The contact mechanics analysis of ANSYS shows that the analysis result is 2.23 different from the theoretical calculation value, and the correctness of the mechanical analysis is verified within the permitted range.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH132.46

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