起重机制动下滑量智能测试系统的研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 12:34

【摘要】：起重机作为一种重要的起重机械，已被应用于国民生产的多个领域。然而起重机所具有的应用范围广泛、搬运负载多样及作业环境复杂等特点，，却使它成为多发事故的重要源头之一，因此，起重机被作为特种设备加以管理。在特检机构监督检验或者企业自检时，起重机制动下滑量（起重机起升机构从制动时位置点向下滑动至完全停止时位置点间的距离差）都是一项不可或缺的重要检验项目。目前，行业内能够对其进行专业高效检测的仪器屈指可数且价格不菲，而比较常用的一些检测方法又存在检测精度、检测效率及安全可靠性等方面的不足，因此研发一种兼具安全、高效、智能与高性价比的起重机制动下滑量智能测试系统具有非常重要的现实意义与社会价值。论文在分析比较常见的几种起重机制动下滑量检测方法后，结合主流起重机结构特点，提出了一种全新的起重机制动下滑量的测量方法，并验证其可行性。据此方法设计了总的系统方案，主要包括测试仪系统主控装置、手持控制器、远程制动模块和上位机四部分。在该系统方案基础上，从机械结构设计、硬件设计和软件设计三方面展开论述：第一，设计并加工主控装置机械结构。第二，根据测量原理与系统性能指标，对主控制器、手持控制器、远程制动模块等硬件电路元件选型与设计，主要包括传感器信号接口电路、电机驱动信号给定电路、键盘显示电路、无线串口模块电路等。第三，系统软件设计分为下位机与上位机软件两部分：下位机软件包括了主控制器的无线数据解析与执行、激光传感器信号判定、下滑量数据计算及主机状态显示与刷新等程序；手持控制器的键盘/显示程序、无线数据解析与执行及下滑量数据与主机状态的显示与刷新程序等；无线串口模块的收发程序等。上位机软件由命令控制与数据处理两部分组成，可以实现手持控制器所有控制功能且能够进行诸如数据查询与报表生成等操作。最后，结合软硬件对各个模块进行组装与调试后，分别在实验室模拟环境和起重机现场环境中进行了测试。通过将本系统所测数据与特检院采用的测量方法所得数据进行对比分析，表明该系统在测量精度、检测效率和可靠性都有极大提高，能够满足实际测试需要。系统操作简单，智能化高，且测试时能较好的保障测试人员的人身安全。
[Abstract]:As an important crane, crane has been used in many fields produced by Yu Guomin. However, the crane has the characteristics of wide application, diverse handling load and complex working environment, which makes it one of the important sources of frequent accidents. Therefore, the crane is managed as a special equipment. When the special inspection organization supervises the inspection or the enterprise self-inspection, the amount of crane braking gliding (the distance difference between the crane lifting mechanism sliding down from the braking position point to the complete stop point) is an indispensable and important inspection item. At present, there are only a few instruments in the industry that can carry out professional and efficient inspection, and the price is not cheap. However, some commonly used methods of detection have some shortcomings such as precision, efficiency, safety and reliability, etc. Therefore, it is of great practical significance and social value to develop an intelligent measuring system of crane braking sliding quantity with safety, high efficiency, intelligence and high performance and price ratio. In this paper, after analyzing several common methods of measuring the braking glide of cranes, combining with the structural characteristics of the mainstream cranes, a new method of measuring the braking slippage of cranes is put forward, and its feasibility is verified. According to this method, the overall system scheme is designed, including the main control device of the tester system, the handheld controller, the remote braking module and the upper computer. On the basis of the system scheme, the mechanical structure design, the hardware design and the software design are discussed. Firstly, the mechanical structure of the main control device is designed and processed. Secondly, according to the measurement principle and system performance index, the selection and design of main controller, handheld controller, remote braking module and other hardware circuit components, mainly including sensor signal interface circuit, motor drive signal given circuit, Keyboard display circuit, wireless serial module circuit. Thirdly, the software design of the system is divided into two parts: the lower computer software includes the wireless data analysis and execution of the master controller, the laser sensor signal decision, the lower computer software includes the wireless data analysis and execution of the master controller, Programs such as calculation of slippage data and display and refresh of host state, keyboard / display program of handheld controller, wireless data analysis and execution, display and refresh program of slippage data and host state, etc. Wireless serial module transceiver program. The upper computer software is composed of command control and data processing. It can realize all the control functions of the handheld controller and can perform operations such as data query and report generation. Finally, each module is assembled and debugged with software and hardware, and tested in laboratory simulation environment and crane field environment. By comparing the data measured by the system with the data obtained by the special inspection institute, it is shown that the measurement accuracy, detection efficiency and reliability of the system are greatly improved, and the system can meet the needs of practical testing. The system is simple in operation, high in intelligence and can ensure the personal safety of the tester.
【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH21

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