铝液抬包清理机液压控制系统设计与研究

发布时间：2018-10-23 11:26

【摘要】：铝液抬包清理机实现了铝液抬包内壁的铝渣和电解质清理的机械化、自动化，降低了劳动强度，改善工作环境，提高生产效率，因此在电解铝行业得到了初步的应用。然而目前国内已使用的抬包清理机液压系统采用的是定量泵供油的开环阀控系统，很难满足工作要求。在清理铝渣的切削过程中经常造成刀具的卡死以致刀头的损坏，甚至破坏抬包内壁结构，有时还需要人工辅助清理，生产效率不高。本文针对原有抬包清理机存在的问题进行了详细分析，通过重新设计液压控制系统和选择合理的控制策略，使得抬包清理机在非线时变负载工况下能以合理的刀具切削速度和切削扭矩、适度的刀架推进力和推进速度进行平稳切削，基本解决了卡刀问题，并进一步降低液压系统的功率，提高液压系统的效率。对提高抬包清理机的工作性能提供理论依据，具有明显的实际意义。本文首先论述了国内外抬包清理机的发展历程及研究现状，分析总结了目前抬包清理机液压系统所存在的问题，简要介绍了课题的研究意义，确定了论文的研究内容。其次，根据铝液抬包清理机的功能要求重新设计液压控制系统。以铝液抬包清理机的工作状况以及负载特性为依据，对整个系统进行运动学和动力学分析。根据实际工况的要求确定和计算液压系统的主要参数，，估算液压缸-负载系统的固有频率，制定液压系统设计方案，合理选择液压元件，并对整个液压系统进行温升计算。最后，使用AMESim软件建立了推进系统的仿真模型并对速度闭环控制系统进行了仿真。通过仿真结果分析提出了需要进一步采用PID控制和模糊PID控制来提高系统的控制性能和品质，并运用AMESim/Matlab联合仿真来实现。仿真结果表明：PID控制在降低系统静差、加快调节时间、提高系统稳定性方面起到一定作用。模糊PID控制在改善系统超调波动方面有非常显著的作用，和PID控制相比，模糊PID控制在跟踪系统调节时体现出了更加优越的控制性能。论文结尾对全文进行了总结，并对下一步需要进行的工作进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Aluminum liquid ladle cleaning machine has realized the mechanization of aluminum slag and electrolyte cleaning in the inner wall of aluminum liquid ladle, automation, reduced labor intensity, improved working environment and improved production efficiency, so it has been applied in electrolytic aluminum industry. However, the open loop valve control system of the quantitative pump is used in the hydraulic system of the bag lift cleaning machine, which is difficult to meet the requirements of the work. In the cutting process of cleaning aluminum slag, the cutting tool is often jammed and the blade head is damaged, even the structure of the inner wall of the bag is destroyed, and sometimes manual cleaning is needed, so the production efficiency is not high. In this paper, the problems existing in the original bag lifting cleaning machine are analyzed in detail, and the hydraulic control system is redesigned and the reasonable control strategy is selected. Under the condition of off-line time-varying load, the bag lifting machine can cut smoothly with reasonable cutting speed and cutting torque, moderate push force and propulsion speed of the tool holder, which basically solves the problem of cutting clip. And further reduce the power of the hydraulic system, improve the efficiency of the hydraulic system. It provides the theoretical basis for improving the working performance of the lifting bag cleaning machine and has obvious practical significance. At first, this paper discusses the development and research status of the lifting bag cleaning machine at home and abroad, analyzes and summarizes the problems existing in the hydraulic system of the lifting bag cleaning machine, briefly introduces the research significance of the subject, and determines the research content of the paper. Secondly, the hydraulic control system is redesigned according to the function requirement of the liquid aluminum ladle cleaning machine. The kinematics and dynamics of the whole system are analyzed based on the working condition and load characteristics of the liquid aluminum ladle cleaning machine. According to the requirements of actual working conditions, the main parameters of hydraulic system are determined and calculated, the natural frequency of hydraulic cylinder load system is estimated, the design scheme of hydraulic system is formulated, the hydraulic components are reasonably selected, and the temperature rise of the whole hydraulic system is calculated. Finally, the simulation model of propulsion system is established by using AMESim software and the speed closed loop control system is simulated. Through the analysis of simulation results, it is pointed out that PID control and fuzzy PID control should be further used to improve the control performance and quality of the system, and the AMESim/Matlab joint simulation is used to realize it. The simulation results show that the PID control plays a certain role in reducing the static error of the system, accelerating the adjusting time and improving the stability of the system. Fuzzy PID control plays an important role in improving the overshoot fluctuation of the system. Compared with PID control, fuzzy PID control has more superior control performance in tracking system regulation. At the end of the thesis, the paper summarizes the whole paper and looks forward to the future work.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH137

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