垃圾压块机液压控制系统的设计与研究

发布时间：2018-11-03 06:35

【摘要】：垃圾压块机是垃圾中转站的主要设备，是一种由液压系统控制的将收集来的垃圾进行压缩成块，实现垃圾减容以方便运输的机械。其工作原理是将收集到中转站的松散状垃圾倒入该垃圾压缩机的储存箱中，经过反复压缩把松散垃圾挤压成高密度块状，并用推出装置将压实成型的高密度垃圾块从垃圾压块机的收集箱中推至垃圾运输车上，然后将其运输至垃圾处理厂进行最终处理，防止对环境的二次污染。本课题的垃圾压块机为地埋式结构，采用水平压缩方式，全液压式控制，具有安全可靠，高效环保，结构紧凑，自动化程度高等特点。它主要包括压块装置、推出装置、闸门控制装置、喷雾除臭装置、排污装置、液压系统及电气控制系统等部分。通过阅读、分析及综合大量文献，结合液压技术、经典控制策略、PLC控制及系统仿真技术对垃圾压块机的液压控制系统进行了设计研究。在液压系统设计部分，根据垃圾压块机的工况和运动分析完成了液压系统的设计与计算。对液压系统的主要元件以及相关辅件进行了选型计算和相关校核。为了简化液压站的设计，选用叠加阀来对液压系统进行了集成设计。运用AMESim仿真软件对液压系统建立了仿真模型。对液压系统的速度和位移控制特性进行了仿真分析。在电气控制设计部分，采用PLC作为控制器。确定系统的电气硬件组成方案，绘制电气控制电路图；完成电气控制系统设计，对主要的电气元件进行了选型；完成了PLC的选型、I/O地址分配等硬件设计；编制了系统流程图及梯形图，，并对程序编译及调试。经过调试后，程序达到了预定的控制要求。
[Abstract]:The garbage block press is the main equipment of the refuse transfer station. It is a kind of machinery controlled by hydraulic system to compress the collected garbage into blocks to reduce the garbage volume to facilitate the transportation. The principle is to pour the loose garbage collected at the transfer station into the storage box of the garbage compressor and compress the loose garbage into a high density block after repeated compression. The high-density garbage block formed by compaction is pushed from the collection box of the garbage press to the garbage truck and then transported to the waste treatment plant for final treatment to prevent the secondary pollution to the environment. The garbage press in this paper is a buried structure with horizontal compression mode and full hydraulic control. It has the characteristics of safety and reliability, high efficiency and environmental protection, compact structure and high degree of automation. It mainly includes block pressing device, ejector device, gate control device, spray deodorization device, sewerage device, hydraulic system and electrical control system. By reading, analyzing and synthesizing a large number of documents, combining with hydraulic technology, classical control strategy, PLC control and system simulation technology, the hydraulic control system of garbage press is designed and studied. In the part of hydraulic system design, the hydraulic system is designed and calculated according to the working condition and motion analysis of garbage press. The main components and related accessories of hydraulic system are selected and checked. In order to simplify the design of hydraulic station, the integrated design of hydraulic system is carried out by using superposition valve. The simulation model of hydraulic system is established by using AMESim software. The speed and displacement control characteristics of hydraulic system are simulated and analyzed. In the part of electrical control design, PLC is used as controller. The design of the electrical control system is completed, the main electrical components are selected, the PLC type selection, the I / O address assignment and other hardware design are completed, and the electrical control circuit diagram is drawn up by determining the electrical hardware composition scheme of the system, drawing the electrical control circuit diagram, completing the design of the electrical control system, and selecting the main electrical components. The system flow chart and trapezoid diagram are worked out, and the program is compiled and debugged. After debugging, the program meets the scheduled control requirements.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH137;X705

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