汽车轮毂轴承润滑脂研究与试验评价

发布时间：2018-11-07 11:58

【摘要】：轮毂轴承作为汽车关键零部件，在承受轴向载荷与径向载荷作用的同时还起着精确导向作用，轮毂轴承一般是在高温、重载、高速等苛刻条件下工作，对润滑剂的要求也较高。汽车轮毂轴承润滑脂对轮毂轴承的使用寿命以及汽车的行驶安全起着非常重要的作用，因此对轮毂轴承润滑进行深入研究对于节省能源、提高行车安全、延长轮毂轴承使用寿命具有重要意义。 本文的主要研究工作有以下几个部分： 首先，论文通过理论分析和实验方法，研究了轮毂轴承失效形式和失效机理。通过对1200余套失效轮毂轴承进行统计分析，归纳总结出汽车轮毂轴承典型失效型式。采用红外光谱（FTIR）与MOAII原子发射光谱仪对失效轮毂轴承的润滑脂进行分析，采用扫描电镜（SEM）以及能谱(EDS)分析方法对失效轮毂轴承表面进行分析，研究了轮毂轴承失效机理。通过工况调查与失效机理研究，，提出了汽车轮毂轴承润滑脂所需具备的性能参数要求。 其次，本文设计了一套润滑脂生产工艺，该工艺提出了一种润滑脂在高温炼制阶段的保护方法，有效提高了润滑脂的抗氧化能力与高温使用性能，并对润滑脂调和工艺进行改进，提高了润滑脂调和速度。文章根据润滑脂所需的生产工艺要求，研发了一套集皂化工艺、调和工艺、过滤工艺于一体的润滑脂生产设备，设计了双层夹套反应釜及其釜外循环工艺装置，并采用了预测-积分分离算法对反应釜的温度进行控制。 再次，本文根据汽车轮毂轴承对润滑脂的性能参数要求，对润滑脂的生产材料进行了分析选择，经过初次筛选，确定了四种轮毂轴承润滑脂配方，采用新设计的生产工艺与设备制备了轮毂轴承润滑脂，并对其进行了相关试验研究。对润滑脂理化指标进行了检测，结果表明，所研制的润滑脂能满足轮毂轴承对润滑脂性能参数的要求；采用FTIR技术研究了轮毂轴承润滑脂稠化剂结构，并给出了其二维与三维分子模型；采用差热分析法（TG-DSC）研究了润滑脂的高温性能，结果表明，所配润滑脂在350℃高温下热失重较小，具有较好的抗蒸发、抗氧化性能。 另外，为了进一步提高轮毂轴承润滑脂性能，本文选择性的在上述四种润滑脂基础上加入了三种不同粒径的二硫化钨固体添加剂以配制新脂。先采用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱（EDS）、XRD、激光粒度仪、差热分析仪（TG-DSC）等方法对二硫化钨固体添加剂的微观形貌、组成、粒径以及高温性能进行了分析，结果表明，层状二硫化钨粉末具备良好的高温性能。实验将三种粒径的二硫化钨以不同的质量分数加入到轮毂轴承润滑脂中，研究对轮毂轴承润滑脂的性能改善。通过对润滑脂滴点、极压性能、抗磨性能的检测，结果表明，纳米级固体添加剂能较大幅度改善润滑脂的极压与抗磨性能，对润滑脂滴点影响较小。通过四球长磨试验研究结果表明，固体添加剂的加入，能显著降低润滑脂的摩擦系数与磨斑直径。文章给出了纳米材料在润滑脂中的流动模型，研究了润滑脂的抗磨减摩机理。采用FTIR与TG-DSC研究了纳米材料对轮毂轴承润滑脂稠化剂结构以及高温性能的影响，结果表明，纳米材料的加入对润滑脂稠化剂结构以及高温性能无显著影响。 最后，本文从研制的润滑脂中选择了综合性能较好的四种轮毂轴承润滑脂(M-15、P-15、H-15、L-15)与壳牌轮毂轴承润滑脂、克努伯轮毂轴承润滑脂以及国内汽车通用锂基润滑脂进行台架试验评价，结果表明，所研制的M-15与P-15轮毂轴承润滑脂的性能优于国内同类产品，并且达到或接近了国际先进产品水平。
[Abstract]:As the key parts of the automobile, the hub bearing plays an important role in bearing the axial load and the radial load, and the hub bearing is usually operated under the severe conditions such as high temperature, heavy load, high speed and the like, and the requirement of the lubricant is also high. The bearing grease of the hub bearing plays a very important role in the service life of the hub bearing and the running safety of the automobile. The main research work of this paper is as follows Part: Firstly, through the theoretical analysis and the experimental method, the failure form of the hub bearing is studied. and the bearing of the hub of the automobile is summarized and summarized through the statistical analysis of the more than 1200 sets of failure hub bearings. The failure pattern of the hub bearing was analyzed by means of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and MOAII atomic emission spectrometer. The surface of the failed hub bearing was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrum (EDS). The hub axle was studied. The mechanism of bearing failure is studied by the investigation and failure mechanism of the working condition, and the requirements of the automobile hub bearing grease are put forward. In this paper, a set of lubricating grease production technology is designed, and a method for protecting the lubricating grease in the high-temperature refining stage is put forward. The oxidation resistance and the high-temperature performance of the lubricating grease are effectively improved, and the lubricating grease blending process is improved and improved. Based on the requirements of the production process of the lubricating grease, the paper has developed a set of lubricating grease production equipment integrating the saponification process, the blending process and the filtration process, and designed the double-layer jacketed reaction kettle and the same. The external circulation process of the kettle and the prediction-integral separation algorithm are used to the reaction. The temperature of the kettle is controlled. According to the requirements of the performance parameters of the grease in the hub bearing of the automobile, the production material of the lubricating grease is analyzed and selected. After the primary screening, the formula of four kinds of hub bearing grease is determined, and the new design process and the design are adopted. The hub bearing grease is prepared and The physical and chemical indexes of the lubricating grease are tested. The results show that the developed lubricating grease can meet the requirements of the hub bearing on the performance parameters of the lubricating grease. The structure of the grease thickening agent of the hub bearing is studied by means of the FTIR technology, and the results are given. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional molecular model of the lubricating grease is studied by differential thermal analysis (TG-DSC). The results show that the thermal weight loss of the lubricating grease is small at the high temperature of 350 鈩

本文编号：2316297