故障滚动轴承的转子系统基座振动响应特性分析

发布时间：2018-11-26 21:35

【摘要】：滚动轴承是旋转机械转子系统中应用最广泛的机械部件,同时也是最容易损坏的部件之一。因此,对旋转机械滚动轴承故障的诊断与预报对于旋转机械安全高效运行、变革维修体制等方面都具有非常重要的意义。旋转机械滚动轴承故障的诊断与预报方法一般将传感器安装在离振源较近的轴承座上,由于受具体结构与工况的限制,有时传感器安装困难,而且通用性较差。由于振动的传递特性,故障振动信号将会传递到基座上,而在基座上安装传感器具有安装方便、通用性强等优点。本论文研究转子系统中基座对故障滚动轴承的振动响应特性,为实现将传感器安装在基座上诊断出旋转机械滚动轴承故障提供理论基础。本文从振动机理、有限元分析以及实验分析三个方面展开研究,分析了基座对滚动轴承的振动响应。主要的研究工作有: 1.理论分析滚动轴承的故障机理。详细论述了滚动轴承的基本结构、振动机理、主要失效形式,探讨了滚动轴承内圈故障、外圈故障、滚动体故障三种典型故障振动信号的特征频率。 2.对转子-滚动轴承-基座系统进有限元态分析。以Spectra Quest公司的综合故障模拟实验台为对象,建立了转子-滚动轴承-基座系统,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对转动部件和整个系统分别进行模态分析,求解出其相应的固有频率和模态;在转子-滚动轴承-基座系统模态分析结果的基础上对系统进行谐响应分析,得出基座上安装传感器的理想位置。 3.从实验的角度分析故障滚动轴承振动特性在基座上的响应情况。在综合故障模拟实验台上进行了不同滚动轴承故障类型、转速及负载的多种工况下的滚动轴承振动测试实验,从频率特征量和时域统计量两个方面研究了基座对故障滚动轴承的振动响应,分析了不同工况下故障滚动轴承的基座频率响应,从实验角度分析了转子-滚动轴承-基座系统的振动特性。本文通过对转子-滚动轴承-基座系统进行振动分析,研究了基座对轴承故障振动信号的响应,为寻找基于基座的滚动轴承状态监测与故障诊断的有效方法奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:Rolling bearing is one of the most widely used parts in rotor system of rotating machinery and is also one of the most easily damaged parts. Therefore, the diagnosis and prediction of rolling bearing fault in rotating machinery is of great significance to the safe and efficient operation of rotating machinery and the reform of maintenance system. The method of fault diagnosis and prediction for rolling bearing of rotating machinery is usually to install the sensor on the bearing seat near the vibration source. Due to the limitation of specific structure and working conditions, it is sometimes difficult to install the sensor, and its versatility is poor. Due to the transmission characteristics of vibration, the signal of fault vibration will be transmitted to the base, and the installation of sensors on the base has the advantages of convenient installation and strong versatility. In this paper, the vibration response of the base to the fault rolling bearing in the rotor system is studied, which provides a theoretical basis for the sensor to be installed on the base to diagnose the fault of the rolling bearing of the rotating machinery. In this paper, the vibration mechanism, finite element analysis and experimental analysis are studied, and the vibration response of the base to the rolling bearing is analyzed. The main research work is as follows: 1. The fault mechanism of rolling bearing is analyzed theoretically. The basic structure, vibration mechanism and main failure modes of rolling bearing are discussed in detail. The characteristic frequency of vibration signal of inner ring fault, outer ring fault and rolling body fault of rolling bearing are discussed. 2. Finite element analysis of rotor-rolling bearing-pedestal system is presented. The rotor-rolling bearing-pedestal system is established by taking the comprehensive fault simulation test bench of Spectra Quest Company as the object. The modal analysis of the rotating parts and the whole system is carried out by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS. The corresponding natural frequencies and modes are obtained. Based on the modal analysis results of rotor-rolling bearing-pedestal system, the harmonic response of the system is analyzed, and the ideal position of sensor installed on the base is obtained. 3. From the point of view of experiment, the response of vibration characteristics of fault rolling bearing on the base is analyzed. The vibration test experiments of rolling bearing under different fault types, speed and load were carried out on the comprehensive fault simulation bench. The vibration response of the base to the fault rolling bearing is studied from two aspects of frequency characteristic and time domain statistics, and the frequency response of the base of the fault rolling bearing under different working conditions is analyzed. The vibration characteristics of rotor-rolling bearing-pedestal system are analyzed experimentally. Based on the vibration analysis of rotor-rolling bearing-pedestal system, the response of base to bearing fault vibration signal is studied in this paper, which lays a foundation for finding an effective method for monitoring and fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on base.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH133.33;TH165.3

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