有限元方法在化工设备局部应力计算中的应用研究
发布时间：2018-12-07 20:18
【摘要】：压力容器及设备的局部应力计算问题是设计及检修过程中经常遇到的问题。过大的局部应力可能会使结构局部超载而产生过大的变形,或在交变载荷作用下造成疲劳破坏,危及容器及设备安全性,在设计中需予以考虑。论文全篇围绕局部应力的计算及分析展开,运用数值计算方法计算应力,采用分析设计方法中的应力分类法和经典理论计算进行分析。同时对已被欧盟列入标准的另一种分析设计方法直接法进行了学习。对数值计算的结果在一定程度上进行了实验验证。研究内容主要选取的结构是一些在工程实际中常遇到的非标容器及设备。例如：带大孔径接管锥壳变径段、容器壳体切向接管区、塔器变径段等。同时对实际中常遇到的疲劳破坏问题做了一定研究,并以一工程实例进行说明。再者,对外压容器的设计方法做了总结,并对外压容器设计新方法中的一些提法运用数值计算加以说明。全文通过计算分析得出上述重要结构的应力分布图,并对其应力进行了分类,采用不同的准则加以限制,使工程人员对这些的强度有了更好的把握。这样使所设计的结构既保证了安全性,同时也更加经济。对外压容器设计新方法的数值计算解释,是工程人员充分认识到新方法制定的内在原因,对设计有更好的把握。
[Abstract]:Local stress calculation of pressure vessel and equipment is a common problem in design and maintenance. Excessive local stress may cause excessive deformation due to local overloading of the structure, or fatigue damage under alternating load, which endangers the safety of vessels and equipment, which should be considered in the design. The whole paper focuses on the calculation and analysis of local stress. The numerical method is used to calculate the stress, and the stress classification method and classical theoretical calculation in the analytical design method are used to analyze the stress. At the same time, another direct method of analysis and design, which has been included in the EU standard, has been studied. The numerical results are verified by experiments to some extent. The main structures selected are non-standard containers and equipments which are often encountered in engineering practice. For example, the tapered shell with large aperture, the tangential nozzle of vessel shell, the variable diameter section of tower, etc. At the same time, the problem of fatigue failure which is often encountered in practice is studied, and an engineering example is given to illustrate it. Furthermore, the design method of external pressure vessel is summarized, and some references in the new design method of external pressure vessel are explained by numerical calculation. Through the calculation and analysis, the stress distribution map of the above important structures is obtained, and its stress is classified and restricted by different criteria, so that the engineers have a better grasp of the strength of these structures. In this way, the designed structure not only guarantees the security, but also becomes more economical. The numerical calculation and interpretation of the new design method for external pressure vessels is a better understanding of the internal reasons of the new method and a better understanding of the design.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TQ050;TH123.4
本文编号：2367797
[Abstract]:Local stress calculation of pressure vessel and equipment is a common problem in design and maintenance. Excessive local stress may cause excessive deformation due to local overloading of the structure, or fatigue damage under alternating load, which endangers the safety of vessels and equipment, which should be considered in the design. The whole paper focuses on the calculation and analysis of local stress. The numerical method is used to calculate the stress, and the stress classification method and classical theoretical calculation in the analytical design method are used to analyze the stress. At the same time, another direct method of analysis and design, which has been included in the EU standard, has been studied. The numerical results are verified by experiments to some extent. The main structures selected are non-standard containers and equipments which are often encountered in engineering practice. For example, the tapered shell with large aperture, the tangential nozzle of vessel shell, the variable diameter section of tower, etc. At the same time, the problem of fatigue failure which is often encountered in practice is studied, and an engineering example is given to illustrate it. Furthermore, the design method of external pressure vessel is summarized, and some references in the new design method of external pressure vessel are explained by numerical calculation. Through the calculation and analysis, the stress distribution map of the above important structures is obtained, and its stress is classified and restricted by different criteria, so that the engineers have a better grasp of the strength of these structures. In this way, the designed structure not only guarantees the security, but also becomes more economical. The numerical calculation and interpretation of the new design method for external pressure vessels is a better understanding of the internal reasons of the new method and a better understanding of the design.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TQ050;TH123.4
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