起重机减速器工作失效分析研究

发布时间：2019-01-27 09:13

【摘要】：减速器是起重机的重要部分,由于其失效会使得整机产生破坏,为了避免此类问题的发生,本文以MQ4599门座起重机起升机构中的减速器高速轴为研究对象,以理论力学、有限元法、结构力学、机械振动等理论知识为指导,借助ANSYS有限元分析软件,结合数学建模和计算机建模的方法,借鉴前人已有的研究成果,在此基础上,对起重机减速器箱体整体进行分析,找出其薄弱结构,并对其高速轴的失效影响因素分别进行研究,在实际工程运用中会有一定的意义,主要的研究内容包括以下方面： (1)利用理论力学、材料力学知识,分析制动轮惯性力、轴不对中、制动器扭矩对减速器高速轴强度失效影响,建立了各量与高速轴强度的关系式。 (2)分析减速器高速轴在工作过程中,由于联轴器、齿轮、制动轮等高速旋转而具有很大的转动惯量,在此情况下分析整个轴系的受力,建立系统的平衡方程,从而得出转动惯量对高速轴失效的影响。 (3)对联轴器不对中与电机轴与减速器高速轴不对中的情形进行研究,分别分析了惯性力和阻尼力对系统振动的影响,惯性力使系统产生弯曲振动,并且在接近轴承处的振动幅度要比远离联轴器处的振动强烈,阻尼力使系统产生扭转振动,然而关于系统的扭转振动,接近联轴器轴承处的振动幅度要比远离联轴器轴承处的振动幅度要小。 (4)分析了高速轴上偏心圆盘对其失效的影响,偏心量越大,则使得轴的挠度越大：同时也研究了刚性联轴器、挠性联轴器和柔性联轴器几种不同类型联轴器对减速器失效的影响程度,因为三者刚性的不同,使得临界速度不同,对于实际工程运用中联轴器的选取有一定的意义：最后简单分析了轴承和底座对减速器失效的影响。 (5)借助ANSYS11.0软件对特定的起重机减速器整个箱体进行实体建模,由于齿轮接触模拟非常复杂,模型建立过程中将齿轮之间的接触去掉,分别使用LINK10和BEAM4单元模拟轴承,对减速器箱体和轴进行了静力分析,得出整个箱体的薄弱结构出现在高速轴上,则在减速器工作过程中,最可能出现问题的地方是其高速轴,对前面理论分析起到一个验证作用。
[Abstract]:The reducer is an important part of the crane. In order to avoid this kind of problem, the high speed shaft of the reducer in the lifting mechanism of the MQ4599 portal crane is taken as the research object, and the theoretical mechanics is taken as the research object. Under the guidance of theoretical knowledge of finite element method, structural mechanics and mechanical vibration, with the help of ANSYS finite element analysis software, combined with the methods of mathematical modeling and computer modeling, and drawing lessons from the previous research achievements, on this basis, This paper analyzes the whole body of the reducer box of the crane, finds out its weak structure, and studies the factors affecting the failure of its high-speed shaft respectively, which will be of certain significance in the practical engineering application. The main research contents are as follows: (1) based on the knowledge of theoretical mechanics and material mechanics, the influence of brake torque on the strength failure of high speed shaft of reducer is analyzed by analyzing the inertia force of brake wheel and shaft misalignment. The relationship between each quantity and the strength of high speed shaft is established. (2) it is analyzed that the high speed shaft of reducer has great moment of inertia due to the high speed rotation of coupling, gear and brake wheel. In this case, the force of the whole shaft system is analyzed, and the balance equation of the system is established. The influence of moment of inertia on the failure of high speed shaft is obtained. (3) the influence of inertia force and damping force on the vibration of the system is analyzed, and the bending vibration of the system is caused by the inertial force, and the misalignment of the coupling between the electrical shaft and the high speed shaft of the reducer is studied, and the influence of the inertia force and damping force on the vibration of the system is analyzed respectively. And the amplitude of the vibration near the bearing is stronger than the vibration far away from the coupling. The damping force causes the system to produce torsional vibration. However, with regard to the torsional vibration of the system, The vibration amplitude near the coupling bearing is smaller than that near the coupling bearing. (4) the influence of eccentric disk on the failure of high speed shaft is analyzed. The greater the eccentricity, the bigger the deflection of shaft. At the same time, the rigid coupling is also studied. The influence of flexible coupling and flexible coupling on the failure of reducer, because of the different rigidity, the critical speed is different. It has a certain significance for the selection of coupling in practical engineering. Finally, the influence of bearing and base on reducer failure is simply analyzed. (5) using ANSYS11.0 software to model the whole box of a specific crane reducer. Because the contact simulation of gear is very complicated, the contact between gears is removed in the process of establishing the model, and the bearing is simulated by LINK10 and BEAM4 element, respectively. The static analysis of the reducer box and shaft shows that the weak structure of the whole box appears on the high-speed shaft, and the most likely problem in the working process of the reducer is its high-speed shaft. To the previous theoretical analysis plays a role in verification.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH21

【参考文献】