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插装式三通比例减压阀研究

发布时间:2019-02-23 16:59
【摘要】:电液比例技术在多路阀上的应用大大的改善了多路阀的性能,改善了工程机械的操控性,提高了自动化程度。电液比例多路阀主要采用比例压力阀作为先导级,通过先导阀控制主阀芯的位移进而控制系统流量。本课题以比例多路阀的先导级插装式三通比例减压阀做为研究对象,研制了大吨位汽车起重机用插装式三通比例减压阀,并在研发过程中提取了与之相关的一些理论。 研发的过程包括阀部分的设计和比例电磁铁的设计。阀的设计主要利用流体力学的相关理论设计了阀的结构形式、阀口形式以及结构参数等。比例电磁铁的设计首先利用磁路计算的方式并结合比例电磁铁漏磁通的特殊性进行初步设计,然后利用Ansoft电磁场仿真对关键参数进行参数化仿真分析,确定了电磁铁的最终结构。利用Ansoft与AMESim联合仿真进一步分析了电磁铁及阀的结构参数对三通比例减压阀动静态性能的影响。搭建了阀的专用实验台,在Labview平台上编写了比例电磁铁实验台以及阀实验台的测试程序。加工了比例电磁铁样品以及三通比例减压阀样品并在实验台上进行了实验,实验表明样品与Bucher产品的动静态特性相近,另外通过实验验证了仿真模型的正确性。最后对样品进行了上车试验,验证了产品的实车性能。 研发过程中的理论研究包含了以下几个方面:1)建立了三通比例减压阀控主阀的数学模型,利用数学模型对重要参数进行分析。2)对于影响比例电磁铁位移力特性的重要参数进行了分析,发现了比例电磁铁额定推力与有效行程之间的内在矛盾。将影响位移力特性的结构参数分为内部参数和外部参数,并分别研究了它们对于位移力特性的影响及其内在联系。3)通过比较不同占空比的PWM波的傅立叶级数,指出50%占空比的PWM波所含交流成分最大,过大或是过小的占空比的PWM波交流成分都很小从而造成电磁铁滞环的增大,进而指出这种驱动方式对于线圈电阻相应的要求。4)提出通过调整极靴结构参数来调整位移力特性进而实现液动力补偿的方法,并用仿真验证了这种方法的可行性。5)对于阀芯以及衔铁组件这两个加工难度高的零件和部件进行了工艺研究,确立了加工简单、成本低廉的结构。 本论文的主要内容分为7章,现分述如下: 第一章,在综合国内外文献的基础上,阐述了比例多路阀、三通比例减压阀以及比例电磁铁的发展应用和国内外研究现状,提出本课题的研究意义和主要研究内容。 第二章,建立了三通比例减压阀控主阀系统的传递函数,在此数学模型基础上对一些重要参数对于系统动静态特性的影响进行分析,得到了一些有指导意义的结论。 第三章,根据三通比例减压阀的实际需要确定了阀设计的目标参数,对阀部分的结构形式、阀口形式及结构参数进行设计计算,并对阀芯的工艺性进行了研究。 第四章,选择了制作该比例电磁铁的磁性材料,在建立比例电磁铁磁路模型的基础上,结合直流电磁铁的设计方法并考虑到比例电磁铁漏磁通的特殊性,探索了比例电磁铁的设计方法并对本课题所涉及的比例电磁铁进行设计。重点对于比例电磁铁位移力特性的影响因素进行了研究。对PWM波驱动进行了研究并探讨了其对于线圈电阻的要求。对衔铁组件的加工工艺进行了研究。 第五章,利用Ansoft参数化仿真功能研究了比例电磁铁的重要参数对其性能的影响,确定了比例电磁铁的结构参数。探讨了Ansoft和AMESim两个仿真软件的联合使用,在此基础上建立了三通比例阀控主阀的仿真模型,并研究了重要参数对于系统性能的影响。提出并用仿真验证了通过调整比例电磁铁位移力特性来实现液动力补偿的方法。 第六章,搭建了三通比例减压阀测试专用实验台,在Labview平台上编写了比例电磁铁实验台以及阀实验台的测试程序。实验结果对比表明样品与Bucher产品性能接近,另外实验结果与仿真结果的吻合也验证了仿真模型的准确性。对样品进行了上车试验,验证了产品的实车性能。 第七章,概括了全文的主要研究工作和成果,指出了定量化的比例电磁铁设计方法和批量化生产的工艺是本课题进一步深入研究的方向。
[Abstract]:The application of the electro-hydraulic proportional technology on the multi-way valve greatly improves the performance of the multi-way valve, improves the operation control of the engineering machinery, and improves the degree of automation. In the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way valve, the proportional pressure valve is used as the pilot stage, and the displacement of the main valve core and the flow rate of the control system are controlled by the pilot valve. In this paper, the pilot stage plug-in three-way proportional pressure reducing valve of a proportional multi-way valve is used as a research object, and a plug-in three-way proportional pressure reducing valve for a large-tonnage automobile crane is developed, and some theories related to it are extracted in the research and development process. The process of R & D includes the design of the valve section and the proportional solenoid The design of the valve mainly uses the related theory of fluid mechanics to design the structure form of the valve, the form of the valve port and the structure parameter. The design of the proportional electromagnet is based on the method of the magnetic circuit calculation and the particularity of the leakage flux of the proportional electromagnet, and then the parameters of the key parameters are simulated and analyzed by using the Ansoft electromagnetic field simulation, and the end of the electromagnet is determined. The structure of the three-way proportional pressure reducing valve is further analyzed by the combination of Ansoft and AMESim, and the static performance of the three-way proportional pressure reducing valve is further analyzed. The purpose of this paper is to build a special experiment table for the valve, and on the Labview platform, the experiment table of proportional electromagnet and the test of the valve experiment table are written. The sample of the proportional solenoid valve and the three-way proportional pressure reducing valve were processed and the experiment was carried out on the experimental table. The experiment shows that the dynamic and static characteristics of the sample and the Bucher product are similar, and the positive and negative results of the simulation model are verified by the experiment. and finally, the sample is tested, and the real vehicle of the product is verified. The theoretical research in R & D process includes the following aspects: 1) The mathematical model of the three-way proportional pressure reducing valve control main valve is established, and the important parameters are analyzed by using the mathematical model. The analysis is carried out, and the rated thrust and the effective stroke of the proportional electromagnet are found. The internal and external parameters of the structural parameters which influence the characteristic of the displacement force are divided into internal and external parameters, and their effects on the displacement force characteristics and their internal relations are respectively studied. The maximum, too large or too small duty ratio of the current component is very small, resulting in an increase of the hysteresis loop of the electromagnet, which in turn indicates the corresponding requirements for the coil resistance. 4) It is proposed to adjust the displacement force characteristics by adjusting the parameters of the pole shoe structure to realize the hydraulic power. The method of compensation and the feasibility of this method are verified by the simulation. 5) The process research is carried out on the parts and components with high processing difficulty of the valve core and the armature assembly, and the processing is simple, the cost is low, The main contents of this thesis are as follows: Chapter 1 is as follows: Chapter one, on the basis of comprehensive domestic and foreign literature, this paper describes proportional multi-way valve, three-way proportional pressure-reducing valve and proportional electromagnet. The application of the exhibition and the current research situation at home and abroad are put forward. In the second chapter, the transfer function of the control main valve system of the three-way proportional pressure reducing valve is established, and the influence of some important parameters on the dynamic and static characteristics of the system is analyzed on the basis of the mathematical model. In the third chapter, the target parameter of the valve design is determined according to the actual needs of the three-way proportional pressure reducing valve, and the structure form of the valve part, the form of the valve port and the structural parameters are set. In the fourth chapter, the magnetic material of the proportional electromagnet is selected, on the basis of establishing the magnetic circuit model of the proportional electromagnet, a direct-current magnet is combined. The design method and the particularity of the leakage flux of the proportional electromagnet are taken into account, and the design of the proportional electromagnet is explored. The method and the proportion electromagnet involved in this project are designed. The influence factors of the displacement force of the proportional electromagnet are studied. The PWM wave drive The dynamic behavior of the coil is studied and its relation to the coil is discussed. The paper studies the processing technology of the armature assembly. The fifth chapter studies the importance of the proportional electromagnet by using the Ansoft parameterized simulation function. The influence of the parameters on the performance of the proportional solenoid is determined. The joint use of the two simulation software of Ansoft and AMESim is discussed. On this basis, the three-way proportional valve control main valve is established. The influence of the important parameters on the performance of the system is also studied. The method of adjusting the displacement force characteristic of the proportional electromagnet to realize the liquid power compensation is set up, the special experiment table for testing the three-way proportional pressure reducing valve is set up, The experiment results show that the sample is close to the property of the Bucher product. In addition, the simulation model is also verified by the agreement between the experimental results and the simulation results In chapter 7, the main research work and results of the full text are summarized, and the quantitative proportion electricity is pointed out.
【学位授予单位】:浙江大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2011
【分类号】:TH137.52

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