拖拉机中央传动弧齿锥齿轮的有限元分析及优化
发布时间：2019-02-24 11:32
【摘要】：弧齿锥齿轮因其承载能力高、传动效率高、传动平稳、噪声小等优点，被广泛的应用于汽车、拖拉机、航空、航海、机床等行业中。在拖拉机的中央传动中，弧齿锥齿轮担负着传递扭矩和改变运动的方向的作用，是重要动力传输零件。该零件在强度、动态性能和可靠性方面要求都很高，然而弧齿锥齿轮在传动系统中的工况十分复杂，可能会出现由原动机和负载引起的外部激励啮入啮出的冲击、齿侧间隙、齿形误差等引起的内部激励。弧齿锥齿轮朝着高速、重载和轻质方向发展。因而，很有必要对拖拉机中央传动弧齿锥齿轮的动力学特性、强度、可靠性方面进行深入研究。 本文运用CAD/CAE计算机辅助技术，，对集材-80拖拉机前桥及后桥弧齿锥齿轮进行有限元分析及优化。 （1）根据弧齿锥齿轮的啮合原理及齿面微分邻域特性具体分析了弧齿锥齿轮的实际齿面啮合情况，结合弧齿锥齿轮的切齿原理及刀具方程，推导出了弧齿锥齿轮的齿面方程。 （2）利用pro/e参数化设计程序，建立了弧齿锥齿轮的三维实体模型；并将弧齿锥齿轮三维实体模型进行了虚拟装配、运动仿真和干涉检查。 （3）对接触问题有限元求解方法进行分析比较，建立了弧齿锥齿轮接触模型、确定了接触算法；考虑到计算机资源和接触的实际情况，创新地采用三齿接触模型，提出了一种新的加载方式；运用ansys进行了非线性分析，得到了其啮合齿轮的等效应力图、应变图及其分布情况；应用赫兹接触理论对集材-80拖拉机前桥及后桥弧齿锥齿轮进行接触强度理论值计算，并将有限元分析值与理论值进行对比分析，验证了有限元的可靠性。 （4）对弧齿锥齿轮进行了高速旋转下的模态分析，得到了弧齿锥齿轮在高速旋转下的自振频率远大于回转频率和啮合频率，证实在正常工况下不可能出现因齿轮啮合引起的自身共振；通过振型图可以直观地发现齿轮振动的薄弱环节。从而为齿轮的研究、设计和维护提供可靠的依据。 （5）以最小体积、弯曲强度设计的许用传递功率最大和接触强度设计的许用传递功率最大建立总的目标函数，利用复合形法，对弧齿锥齿轮传动进行多目标优化。使设计更符合实际、更合理、更科学，为弧齿锥齿轮的主要参数的确定提供了一种新的方法。
[Abstract]:Arc bevel gear is widely used in automobile, tractor, aviation, navigation, machine tool and so on because of its high bearing capacity, high transmission efficiency, stable transmission, low noise and so on. In the central transmission of tractor, arc bevel gear plays the role of transferring torque and changing the direction of movement, and is an important part of power transmission. This part requires high strength, dynamic performance and reliability. However, the working conditions of arc tooth bevel gear in the transmission system are very complex, which may result in the impact of external excitation and meshing induced by prime motive and load, and the tooth side clearance. Internal excitation caused by tooth profile errors, etc. Arc bevel gears develop at high speed, heavy load and light weight. Therefore, it is necessary to study the dynamics, strength and reliability of the central drive arc bevel gear. In this paper, the finite element analysis and optimization of front axle and rear axle arc bevel gear of skidding 80 tractor are carried out by using CAD/CAE computer aided technology. The main contents are as follows: (1) according to the meshing principle of arc tooth bevel gear and the differential neighborhood characteristic of tooth surface, the actual tooth surface meshing of arc tooth bevel gear is analyzed concretely, and the tooth surface equation of arc tooth bevel gear is derived by combining the cutting principle of arc tooth bevel gear and tool equation. (2) the 3D solid model of spiral bevel gear is established by using pro/e parametric design program, and the 3D solid model of arc bevel gear is assembled, simulated and checked by interference. (3) the finite element method of contact problem is analyzed and compared, and the contact model of spiral bevel gear is established, and the contact algorithm is determined. Considering the actual situation of computer resources and contact, a new loading method is proposed by using the three-tooth contact model. The nonlinear analysis is carried out by using ansys, and the equal effect effort, strain diagram and its distribution of the meshing gear are obtained. The contact strength of front axle and rear axle arc bevel gear of skidding 80 tractor is calculated by Hertz contact theory. The reliability of finite element method is verified by comparing the finite element analysis value with the theoretical value. (4) Modal analysis of spiral bevel gear under high speed rotation shows that the natural vibration frequency of arc bevel gear under high speed rotation is much higher than that of rotation frequency and meshing frequency. It is proved that the self-resonance caused by gear meshing is not possible under normal working conditions. The weak link of gear vibration can be found intuitively by mode diagram. It provides reliable basis for the research, design and maintenance of gears. (5) based on minimum volume, maximum allowable transfer power in bending strength design and maximum allowable transfer power in contact strength design, the total objective function is established, and multi-objective optimization of arc-tooth bevel gear transmission is carried out by means of compound shape method. The design is more practical, reasonable and scientific. It provides a new method for determining the main parameters of spiral bevel gear.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：S219.02;TH132.41
本文编号：2429511
[Abstract]:Arc bevel gear is widely used in automobile, tractor, aviation, navigation, machine tool and so on because of its high bearing capacity, high transmission efficiency, stable transmission, low noise and so on. In the central transmission of tractor, arc bevel gear plays the role of transferring torque and changing the direction of movement, and is an important part of power transmission. This part requires high strength, dynamic performance and reliability. However, the working conditions of arc tooth bevel gear in the transmission system are very complex, which may result in the impact of external excitation and meshing induced by prime motive and load, and the tooth side clearance. Internal excitation caused by tooth profile errors, etc. Arc bevel gears develop at high speed, heavy load and light weight. Therefore, it is necessary to study the dynamics, strength and reliability of the central drive arc bevel gear. In this paper, the finite element analysis and optimization of front axle and rear axle arc bevel gear of skidding 80 tractor are carried out by using CAD/CAE computer aided technology. The main contents are as follows: (1) according to the meshing principle of arc tooth bevel gear and the differential neighborhood characteristic of tooth surface, the actual tooth surface meshing of arc tooth bevel gear is analyzed concretely, and the tooth surface equation of arc tooth bevel gear is derived by combining the cutting principle of arc tooth bevel gear and tool equation. (2) the 3D solid model of spiral bevel gear is established by using pro/e parametric design program, and the 3D solid model of arc bevel gear is assembled, simulated and checked by interference. (3) the finite element method of contact problem is analyzed and compared, and the contact model of spiral bevel gear is established, and the contact algorithm is determined. Considering the actual situation of computer resources and contact, a new loading method is proposed by using the three-tooth contact model. The nonlinear analysis is carried out by using ansys, and the equal effect effort, strain diagram and its distribution of the meshing gear are obtained. The contact strength of front axle and rear axle arc bevel gear of skidding 80 tractor is calculated by Hertz contact theory. The reliability of finite element method is verified by comparing the finite element analysis value with the theoretical value. (4) Modal analysis of spiral bevel gear under high speed rotation shows that the natural vibration frequency of arc bevel gear under high speed rotation is much higher than that of rotation frequency and meshing frequency. It is proved that the self-resonance caused by gear meshing is not possible under normal working conditions. The weak link of gear vibration can be found intuitively by mode diagram. It provides reliable basis for the research, design and maintenance of gears. (5) based on minimum volume, maximum allowable transfer power in bending strength design and maximum allowable transfer power in contact strength design, the total objective function is established, and multi-objective optimization of arc-tooth bevel gear transmission is carried out by means of compound shape method. The design is more practical, reasonable and scientific. It provides a new method for determining the main parameters of spiral bevel gear.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：S219.02;TH132.41
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