大开孔结构压力容器有限元分析及强度设计
发布时间：2019-03-17 18:47
【摘要】：由于设计参数的需求,不可避免要在压力容器外壁上开设各样的大开孔,大开孔的补强设计超出了一般设计规范的适用范围,就只能依靠经验或者是实验研究,进行对比分析,所以设备的可靠性和安全性往往得不到保证。然而以有限单元法为手段而进行应力分析不失为一种很好的设计方法,尤其对于产品的结构设计,其节约设计成本、缩短设计周期等效果十分显著,近十多年来为广大设计工作者所青睐。 本文遵循应力分析设计方法的原则(弹性应力分析和塑性失效准则),采用三维实体有限元方法,应用ANSYS软件,对大型薄壁大开孔压力容器的平齐式接管补强结构进行了应力分析,旨在为产品设计提供有效的参考依据。文中建立了大型薄壁压力容器的三维有限元模型,为了考察一些变量的作用,进行了一系列弹性应力分析,确定了应力分布特点,得出了一些一般性的结论。 大开孔接管的局部会产生很高的应力,使用有限元方法设计比压力面积法更偏于安全和可靠,所以最好先采用有限单元法对大开孔补强区进行应力分析,然后按照分析设计的理论进行安全评定,进而设计出满足补强要求的结构。经有限元方法验证,使用压力面积法设计大开孔时要留一定的补强面积余量,才能保证结构安全且经济;通过对比一系列壳体和接管壁厚比不同的有限元模型的计算结果,确定了厚度比对应力的影响关系,从而推断出合理的厚度比的取值范围。
[Abstract]:Due to the demand of design parameters, it is inevitable to set up all kinds of large openings on the outer wall of pressure vessels. The reinforcement design of large openings is beyond the scope of application of the general design code, so it can only rely on experience or experimental research for comparative analysis. Therefore, the reliability and safety of the equipment are often not guaranteed. However, using the finite element method as a means of stress analysis is a very good design method, especially for the structural design of the product, it can save the design cost and shorten the design cycle, and so on. In the past ten years, it has been favored by designers. In this paper, the principle of stress analysis and design method (elastic stress analysis and plastic failure criterion) is followed. Three-dimensional solid finite element method is adopted and ANSYS software is used. In this paper, the stress analysis of the flat pipe reinforcement structure of large thin-walled and large-opening pressure vessel is carried out in order to provide an effective reference for the product design. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model of a large thin-walled pressure vessel is established. In order to investigate the role of some variables, a series of elastic stress analysis is carried out, the stress distribution characteristics are determined, and some general conclusions are drawn. The finite element method is more safe and reliable than the pressure area method, so it is better to use the finite element method to analyze the stress in the reinforcement zone of the large opening, and the finite element method is better than the pressure area method. Then the safety assessment is carried out according to the theory of analysis and design, and then the structure to meet the requirements of reinforcement is designed. Through the finite element method verification, when the pressure area method is used to design the large opening, it is necessary to leave a certain amount of reinforcement area allowance to ensure the safety and economy of the structure. By comparing the calculation results of a series of finite element models with different thickness ratios of shell and nozzle, the relationship between thickness ratio and stress is determined, and the reasonable range of thickness ratio is deduced.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH49
[Abstract]:Due to the demand of design parameters, it is inevitable to set up all kinds of large openings on the outer wall of pressure vessels. The reinforcement design of large openings is beyond the scope of application of the general design code, so it can only rely on experience or experimental research for comparative analysis. Therefore, the reliability and safety of the equipment are often not guaranteed. However, using the finite element method as a means of stress analysis is a very good design method, especially for the structural design of the product, it can save the design cost and shorten the design cycle, and so on. In the past ten years, it has been favored by designers. In this paper, the principle of stress analysis and design method (elastic stress analysis and plastic failure criterion) is followed. Three-dimensional solid finite element method is adopted and ANSYS software is used. In this paper, the stress analysis of the flat pipe reinforcement structure of large thin-walled and large-opening pressure vessel is carried out in order to provide an effective reference for the product design. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model of a large thin-walled pressure vessel is established. In order to investigate the role of some variables, a series of elastic stress analysis is carried out, the stress distribution characteristics are determined, and some general conclusions are drawn. The finite element method is more safe and reliable than the pressure area method, so it is better to use the finite element method to analyze the stress in the reinforcement zone of the large opening, and the finite element method is better than the pressure area method. Then the safety assessment is carried out according to the theory of analysis and design, and then the structure to meet the requirements of reinforcement is designed. Through the finite element method verification, when the pressure area method is used to design the large opening, it is necessary to leave a certain amount of reinforcement area allowance to ensure the safety and economy of the structure. By comparing the calculation results of a series of finite element models with different thickness ratios of shell and nozzle, the relationship between thickness ratio and stress is determined, and the reasonable range of thickness ratio is deduced.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH49
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