全地面起重机转向桥振动研究

发布时间：2019-04-01 08:22

【摘要】：随着科技的不断进步,国家综合实力不断提高,大力发展国内基础建设,起重机作为国内基础上建设中的一个不可或缺的特种车辆,作为一名起重机行业的工作者,深知国内的起重机技术与国外还有一定的差距。在多年工作经验的基础上,总结分析了国内起重机行业的技术优势和劣势,认为车辆驱动桥振动方面的研究有待于进一步的深入。文章在第一章节介绍了关于起重机技术目前国内外的发展现状,深刻认识到国内起重机行业在转向桥方面研究的缺乏。起重机转向桥由于转向频率高,受力大等众多复杂因素地影响,特别是对于大马力驱动桥,与发达国家相比,国内对驱动桥振动方面的研究还不成熟。深入研究多桥转向车辆转向的基本原理,对车桥进行静力学分析计算,并对转向桥的振动分析理论加以介绍;借助于ADAMS/View工具,选取了某3轴起重机的转向桥作为样机模型建立的依据,建立了虚拟样机模型。为了使研究更加深入,本文建立样机模型时,建立了3轴整车模型,在分析转向桥的同时,能够更进一步的分析该驱动桥对整车的影响。虚拟样机模型建立后,为了分析车辆驱动桥承受载荷的能力,在各桥添加了同样的激励,仿真结果表明:车辆各桥载荷分布不均,车轴之间的距离需要进行更加细致的设计。接下来选取了车辆的转向桥作为研究对象,分析了轮胎的主销内倾角、轮胎外倾角、轮胎前束角的变化,深入探讨了转向桥上轮胎在转向时对整车转向性能的影响。为了使车辆转向时更加接近阿克曼定理,选取桥上的转向梯形作为研究的对象,仿真分析了转向梯形横拉杆的受力情况,在仿真结果的基础上对转向梯形进行了优化,优化结果较为理想。对于起重机来说,行驶工况复杂,工作路面也不平坦。受到不规则作用的载荷时,容易激发起重机桥壳结构的扭转模态、弯曲模态、异向弯曲模态或弯曲扭转组合模态。为了得出转向桥在各种工况下的振动情况,仿真分析了转向桥壳结构的有限元模型在无约束及载荷条件状态下的固有频率,并且得到了其固有频率下对应的结构振型图。分析结果表明:转向桥桥壳的5阶模态固有频率远远大于路面的激励,因此路面激励不会导致转向桥桥壳的共振,该车桥的结构设计能够满足设计要求,较为合理。在文章的最后,总结了论文主要工作,由于转向桥的复杂性,不可能对其进行方方面面的分析。在文章研究的基础之上,对今后关于转向桥方面的研究提出了一些合理性的建议。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of science and technology, the comprehensive strength of the country continues to improve, vigorously develop the domestic infrastructure, crane as an indispensable special vehicle in the construction of the domestic foundation, as a crane industry workers, It is well known that there is still a certain gap between domestic and foreign crane technology. On the basis of many years' working experience, the technical advantages and disadvantages of domestic crane industry are summarized and analyzed, and it is considered that the research on the vibration of vehicle driving axle needs to be further studied. In the first chapter, the present situation of crane technology at home and abroad is introduced, and the lack of research on steering bridge in domestic crane industry is deeply recognized. The crane steering bridge is influenced by many complex factors, such as high steering frequency and great force, especially for the large horsepower drive axle, compared with the developed countries, the domestic research on the vibration of the drive axle is not mature. The basic principle of steering of multi-bridge steering vehicle is studied deeply, the static analysis and calculation of vehicle bridge are carried out, and the vibration analysis theory of steering bridge is introduced. With the help of ADAMS/View tool, the steering axle of a 3-axle crane is selected as the basis for establishing prototype model, and the virtual prototype model is established. In order to further the research, a 3-axis vehicle model is established when the prototype model is established, which can further analyze the influence of the driving axle on the whole vehicle while analyzing the steering axle at the same time. After the establishment of the virtual prototype model, in order to analyze the load-bearing capacity of the vehicle driving axle, the same excitation is added to each bridge. The simulation results show that the load distribution of each bridge is uneven, and the distance between the axles needs to be designed in more detail. Then the steering axle of the vehicle is chosen as the research object, and the changes of the main pin inclination, the tire external inclination and the tire front angle of the tire are analyzed, and the influence of the tire on the steering performance of the whole vehicle is discussed in depth. In order to make the vehicle steering closer to Ackerman's theorem, the steering trapezoid on the bridge is chosen as the research object, and the force of the steering trapezoid transverse pull bar is simulated and analyzed, and the steering trapezoid is optimized on the basis of the simulation results. The optimization results are ideal. For cranes, the driving conditions are complex, the working road is not smooth. When subjected to irregular load, it is easy to excite the torsional mode, bending mode, different bending mode or bending torsional combination mode of crane bridge shell structure. In order to obtain the vibration of steering bridge under various working conditions, the natural frequencies of the finite element model of steering bridge shell structure under unconstrained and loading conditions are simulated and analyzed, and the corresponding structural mode shapes under the natural frequencies are obtained. The analysis results show that the 5th modal natural frequency of steering bridge shell is much larger than that of pavement excitation, so road excitation will not lead to the resonance of steering bridge shell, and the structural design of the vehicle bridge can meet the design requirements and be more reasonable. At the end of the paper, the main work of this paper is summarized, because of the complexity of steering bridge, it is impossible to analyze all aspects of the steering bridge. On the basis of the research in this paper, some reasonable suggestions for the future research on steering bridge are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH21

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