基于随机有限元法的圆锥滚子轴承凸度设计方法

发布时间：2019-04-01 09:08

【摘要】：圆锥滚子轴承具有承载能力强、旋转精度较高、刚性好、可以同时承受径向和轴向载荷以等优点,在机床、汽车、铁路、矿山等大型机械设备中得到广泛应用。随着人们对机械设备使用精度以及使用寿命要求的提高,对圆锥滚子轴承的综合性能也提出了更高的要求。而针对圆锥滚子轴承的凸度设计是提高轴承使用性能、增强轴承工作载荷以及延长轴承使用寿命的一个有效途径。但是,由于传统凸度设计是基于额定载荷条件进行的,且轴承内外滚道与滚子的接触方式与Hertz接触理论的假设条件存在着一定的差别,导致传统的理论计算与设计工作存在着对应的误差。因此,考虑轴承所承受载荷的随机性,并采用计算机辅助设计手段,对圆锥滚子轴承的接触行为进行分析,以尽量降低轴承的接触应力值作为优化目标是轴承凸度设计的一个有效方式。本文以某公司生产的31313轴承为研究对象,对滚子轴承的凸度进行了优化设计。主要的研究内容主要包括如下三个方面： (1)将圆弧修正母线的凸度量作为影响轴承接触应力值的优化参数,考虑其在随机载荷作用下对轴承接触应力的影响,在ANSYS的PDS分析模块中对凸度量进行了优化设计。优化过程中,对该设计变量进行了多次变换、分析,得到了31313圆锥滚子圆弧修正母线的最优凸度量。 (2)在充分考虑轴承载荷随机性的基础上,利用ANSYS的PDS分析模块,对对数曲线型滚子在径向载荷下的接触行为进行分析,将对数曲线型滚子的接触情况与圆弧修正型滚子的接触情况进行对比。 (3)针对轴承安装使用过程中的游隙问题,以对数曲线凸型31313圆锥滚子轴承为研究对象,分析了其在随机径向载荷作用下,不同的径向游隙取值时,轴承的接触应力分布情况,使得轴承的模拟分析结果更加趋近真实情况。上述工作充分考虑了轴承载荷的随机性,分析了轴承在不同凸型、不同工况条件下轴承的接触应力分布,给轴承的凸度设计提供了更真实的理论依据。
[Abstract]:Tapered roller bearing is widely used in machine tools, automobiles, railways, mines and other large mechanical equipment because of its strong bearing capacity, high rotation precision and good rigidity. It can bear both radial and axial loads at the same time, and has been widely used in machine tools, automobiles, railways, mines and other large-scale mechanical equipment. With the improvement of service precision and service life of machinery and equipment, the comprehensive performance of tapered roller bearings is required to be higher. The convex design of tapered roller bearing is an effective way to improve bearing performance, enhance bearing working load and prolong bearing service life. However, because the traditional convex design is based on rated load conditions, and the contact mode between inner and outer raceway of bearing and roller is different from the assumption of Hertz contact theory, there is a certain difference between the contact mode of bearing inner and outer raceway and the assumption of contact theory. Leading to the traditional theoretical calculation and design work there are corresponding errors. Therefore, the contact behavior of tapered roller bearing is analyzed by means of computer aided design, considering the randomness of bearing load. It is an effective way of bearing crown design to minimize the contact stress of bearing as the optimization objective. In this paper, 31313 bearings produced by a company are studied, and the convex degree of roller bearings is optimized. The main research contents include the following three aspects: (1) the convex measurement of circular-arc modified busbar is taken as the optimum parameter to influence the contact stress value of bearing, and its influence on bearing contact stress under random load is considered. The convex metric is optimized in the PDS analysis module of ANSYS. In the optimization process, the design variable is transformed many times, and the optimal convex metric of the 31313 cone roller arc modified bus is obtained. (2) on the basis of considering the randomness of bearing load, the contact behavior of logarithmic curved roller under radial load is analyzed by PDS analysis module of ANSYS. The contact condition of logarithmic curved roller is compared with that of arc modified roller. (3) aiming at the clearance problem in the process of bearing installation, the logarithmic curve convex 31313 tapered roller bearing is taken as the research object, and the different radial clearance values under random radial load are analyzed. The contact stress distribution of the bearing makes the simulation and analysis of the bearing approach to the real situation. In the above work, the randomness of bearing load is fully considered, and the contact stress distribution of bearing under different convex types and different working conditions is analyzed, which provides a more realistic theoretical basis for the design of bearing crown.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH133.3

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