高潜水位煤矿区采煤沉陷湿地及其生态治理

发布时间：2018-01-18 04:26

本文关键词：高潜水位煤矿区采煤沉陷湿地及其生态治理　出处：《湿地科学》2016年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在高潜水位煤矿区,井工煤矿开采导致的大面积沉陷积水,使原有土地变为采煤沉陷湿地。对开采沉陷湿地进行合理规划和治理,可以使高潜水位矿区在生态系统演替过程中削弱开采对生态环境和经济社会的负面影响,使其发挥最大的社会、经济和生态效益,同时,有效地补充中国日益减少的湿地数量。探讨了采煤沉陷湿地的内涵及其在湿地分类系统中的归属,分析了其形成原因及变化过程,分别介绍了湿地公园、水产养殖、水库和污水处理等主要治理方式,以及水污染处理、水系修复与连通、基底改造、植物选择与布局和动态规划在内的采煤沉陷湿地的生态治理关键技术,为高潜水位地区生态修复和采煤沉陷湿地生态治理提供参考。
[Abstract]:In the high diving level coal mine area, the large area of subsidence water caused by the mining of the well worker coal mine makes the original land become the mining subsidence wetland, and the mining subsidence wetland is reasonably planned and treated. It can weaken the negative impact of mining on the ecological environment and economic society in the process of ecosystem succession, and make it exert the maximum social, economic and ecological benefits at the same time. Effectively replenish the decreasing number of wetlands in China. This paper discusses the connotation of coal mining subsidence wetland and its attribution in wetland classification system, analyzes its forming reasons and changing process, and introduces the wetland park respectively. Aquaculture, reservoirs and sewage treatment and other major treatment, as well as water treatment, water system restoration and connectivity, and base transformation. The key technologies of ecological treatment of coal mining subsidence wetland, including plant selection, layout and dynamic planning, provide references for ecological restoration and ecological control of coal mining subsidence wetland in areas with high water level.
【作者单位】：中国矿业大学土地复垦与生态重建研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41401609)资助
【分类号】：X171.4;X752
【正文快照】： 中国煤炭产量和消耗量一直位居世界之首,2014年的煤炭产量达38.7×108t[4],而超过90%的煤炭产自井工开采,且多采用走向长壁全部垮落法,土地沉陷问题严重。据测算,井下开采万吨原煤,会形成0.20~0.33 hm2的沉陷地,全国沉陷地数量仍在以每年21×104hm2的速度增加[2]。高潜水位地

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