基于RS和GIS的矿山地质环境调查与评价

发布时间：2018-02-01 23:22

本文关键词： 矿山地质环境调查矿山地质环境评价层次分析法证据权法　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：矿产资源是人类经济发展和社会建设中不可或缺的组成部分,但是过度开发也会对环境造成不同程度的影响,带来矿区和周边人员生命财产安全的隐患。掌握矿产开发、矿山地质灾害的情况,对矿山地质环境进行评价,有利于政府部门合理开发矿产资源以及恢复治理工作的开展。论文依托于“山东省矿产资源开发环境遥感监测”项目,以山东省烟台市胶东工作区为研究区。首先搜集了地理数据、遥感影像、矿业权数据等基础资料,其次基于国产卫星影像提取自然地理信息,并对矿产开发及地质灾害信息进行调查,掌握研究区矿山地质环境的情况。同时基于地质灾害资料,运用证据权法提取地质灾害敏感区信息。最后基于以上调查得到的与矿山地质环境相关的指标层信息,开展矿山地质环境评价。取得如下成果:(1)根据应用的要求对高分一号的预处理、资源三号卫星立体像对的地形提取技术进行研究,得到研究区植被覆盖、地形地貌指标层信息。(2)根据面向对象的分类的原理,对其影像分割、信息提取等技术方法在国产卫星影像上进行应用,得到矿产开发占地指标层信息。同时基于目视解译及野外验证的方法调查地下开采点、矿山地质灾害的信息。(3)引入矿产资源评价预测中广泛应用的证据权法,基于矿山地质灾害与证据层的空间关系,计算证据层对于地灾发生的贡献值,以后验概率的形式给出评价单元格内未来地质灾害发生的概率值,从而得到地质灾害敏感区指标层信息。(4)建立评价单元格,通过和前文中得到的与矿山地质环境相关的指标层信息进行叠加综合统计,利用层次分析法来分析各要素对于矿山环境的影响,结合矿山地质环境质量评价指标分级标准,从而得到矿山地质环境质量分区(良好、较好、一般、较差),以此对矿山地质环境进行评价。从本文的研究成果可以看出,RS与GIS技术可以在矿山地质环境调查的工作中发挥重要的作用,同时其结合相应的指标体系、方法对矿山地质环境的评价也具有合理性、科学性及全面性。
[Abstract]:Mineral resources is an indispensable part of human economic development and social construction, but overexploitation will also cause varying degrees of impact on the environment. It will bring hidden danger to the safety of life and property of people in mining area and surrounding area, grasp the situation of mineral exploitation and geological disaster of mine, and evaluate the geological environment of mine. It is beneficial for the government to develop mineral resources rationally and to restore and control the mineral resources. The paper is based on the project of "remote sensing monitoring of mineral resources development environment in Shandong province". Taking Jiaodong working area of Yantai City, Shandong Province as the research area, this paper firstly collects the basic data, such as geographical data, remote sensing image, mining right data, and then extracts the natural geographical information based on domestic satellite image. The information of mineral exploitation and geological hazard is investigated, and the geological environment of mine in the study area is grasped. At the same time, the information of geological hazard is based on. Using the method of evidence weight to extract the information of the sensitive area of geological hazard. Finally, based on the above survey, the index layer information related to the geological environment of mine is obtained. To carry out mine geological environment evaluation. The following results have been obtained: 1) according to the requirements of the application, the pretreatment of Gaofen No. 1 and the topographic extraction technology of the satellite stereo image pair of Resource-3 are studied, and the vegetation coverage in the study area is obtained. According to the principle of object oriented classification, the methods of image segmentation and information extraction are applied to domestic satellite images. At the same time, based on the method of visual interpretation and field verification, the underground mining sites are investigated. Based on the spatial relationship between mine geological hazard and evidence layer, the contribution value of evidence layer to the occurrence of ground disaster is calculated by introducing the evidence weight method which is widely used in the evaluation and prediction of mineral resources. The probability value of the future geological hazard in the evaluation cell is given in the form of posterior probability, and the index layer information of the sensitive area of geological hazard is obtained. 4) the evaluation cell is established. Through the comprehensive statistics of the index layer information related to the mine geological environment obtained in the previous paper, the influence of various factors on the mine environment is analyzed by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Combined with the classification standard of mine geological environment quality evaluation index, the division of mine geological environment quality (good, good, general, poor) is obtained. From the research results of this paper, we can see that RS and GIS technology can play an important role in mine geological environment investigation. At the same time, combined with the corresponding index system, the evaluation of mine geological environment by the method is reasonable, scientific and comprehensive.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD167

【相似文献】