急倾斜薄矿脉采空区稳定性评价及残留矿柱回采方案研究

发布时间：2018-02-11 03:14

  本文关键词： 残留矿柱回收 稳定性评价 未确知测度理论 突变理论 数值模拟　出处：《江西理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：采用空场法开采的急倾斜薄矿脉,矿房回采结束后会留下大量空区,给深部开采及残矿回收带来了严重的安全隐患。因此,对采空区的赋存状况及稳定性需要有一个准确的判断,保证经济、可靠、安全的前提下,对残留矿柱进行回采,是新老矿山急需解决的难题。本文以漂塘钨矿为工程实例,运用现场调查、理论分析和数值模拟等手段,对矿区主要采空区整体的稳定性进行分析,并对空区内顶柱与夹墙岩体的稳定性进行判别,提出切实可行、安全合理的残矿回采方案,主要研究内容及成果包括:(1)在现场调查取样的基础上,通过岩石室内试验,得到研究区域内主要三种岩性的岩石力学参数。采用广义Hoek-Brown准则进行折减,得到了岩体力学参数。(2)在地压显现区域调查的基础上,对地压成因深入分析,导致采区中、东部地压活动明显的主要因素有:自重应力场、构造破碎带、特殊的地形地貌、不平衡开采、周边空区影响、塌陷区地表水渗透。(3)利用3D激光探测仪扫描并建立单个空区三维模型,大致了解空区的规模及矿柱的超爆和欠爆情况。根据采空区调查及各中段平面图,建立了全区采空区三维立体分布图。(4)针对影响因子权重确定过程中的存在的缺陷,引入极大熵理论,构建多目标规划模型,使得权重分配更为科学合理。借助未确知测度理论处理不确定性和隐蔽性这类信息的独特优势,构建单个采空区稳定性评价体系。并应用于实际工程中,得到了漂塘钨矿Ⅲ号和Ⅰ号矿体共52个采空区的稳定性等级。(5)针对急倾斜薄脉状矿体顶柱与夹墙岩体,建立了简化的力学模型进行分析。将尖点突变理论,引入到空区内顶柱与夹墙系统稳定性分析中。从系统发生突变失稳的充要条件中能够得到,系统的控制变量a、b及刚度k是决定采空区是否发生突变失稳的充要条件。(6)根据残留矿柱回采过程中存在的损失贫化严重的问题,提出采用上向分层胶结充填法回采。利用FLAC3D对松散废石充填下的水平矿柱回收可采临界厚度进行了数值计算,最终确定31132采场至少保留7m高的隔离矿柱,才能对上部松散充填体起到支撑作用。通过对回采进路结构参数和回采顺序进行优化,最终确定采用尺寸为4.5m×5m(高×宽)的中间对称式开采方案最优。
[Abstract]:The steep inclined thin vein mined by open field method will leave a large number of empty areas after the stoping of mine house, which brings serious safety hidden danger to deep mining and residual ore recovery. It is necessary to have an accurate judgement on the occurrence and stability of the goaf, to ensure the recovery of the residual pillars on the premise of economy, reliability and safety, which is a difficult problem to be solved urgently in the new and old mines. In this paper, the floating-pond tungsten mine is taken as an engineering example. By means of field investigation, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the overall stability of the main goaf in the mining area is analyzed, and the stability of the roof column and the sandwich wall rock mass in the goaf is judged, and the feasibility is put forward. A safe and reasonable residual mining plan. The main research contents and results include: 1) on the basis of on-the-spot investigation and sampling, through rock laboratory tests, The rock mechanics parameters of three kinds of lithology in the study area are obtained. The generalized Hoek-Brown criterion is used to reduce the rock mass mechanics parameters. Based on the investigation of the ground pressure manifestation area, the genesis of the earth pressure is deeply analyzed, which leads to the mining area. The main factors of the ground pressure activity in the east are: gravity stress field, structural fracture zone, special topography and landform, unbalanced mining, the influence of the surrounding empty area, Using 3D laser detector to scan and set up a 3D model of single empty area, the size of the empty area and the superburst and underexplosion of pillar are roughly understood. According to the survey of goaf and the plan of each middle section, The 3D distribution map of goaf in the whole area is established. Aiming at the defects in the process of determining the weight of the influencing factors, the maximum entropy theory is introduced to construct the multi-objective programming model. With the help of the unique advantage of unascertained measure theory to deal with such information as uncertainty and concealment, a single goaf stability evaluation system is constructed and applied to practical projects. The stability grade of 52 mined-out areas of No. 鈪，

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