综掘工作面综合降尘技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 04:07

本文关键词： 综掘工作面数值模拟粉尘分布风筒布置降尘剂　出处：《西安科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：截止2013年底我国累积发现职业病达85万例,其中尘肺病占到90%左右,尘肺病中煤肺病占到60%左右,煤矿粉尘职业危害形势极其严峻。掘进工作面作为主要产尘源之一,严重危害着工人的身心健康。本文理论分析了掘进工作面风流分布规律,对粉尘颗粒进行受力分析,建立粉尘颗粒水平和垂直运动方程,分析结果显示粉尘颗粒在空气中受阻力影响扩散速度迅速衰减,运动距离很短,扩散范围很小,粉尘扩散的主要动力来自周围空气的流动,因此可以通过改变工作面风流来控制粉尘的扩散。利用数值模拟软件模拟了压入式通风条件下掘进工作面粉尘运移规律,结果显示粉尘弥漫整个巷道,除尘效果较差。为了提高降尘率,巷道中加入除尘风机,模拟了长压短抽式通风条件下粉尘运移规律,结果显示综掘工作面前方粉尘浓度较大,除尘风机后方粉尘浓度大幅度降低,除尘效果良好。通过模拟压入风筒与抽出风筒不同位置时巷道粉尘分布规律,确定了风筒的最佳布置位置。长压短抽通风条件下降尘效果良好,但工作面粉尘浓度仍然无法满足《煤矿安全规程》要求,因此需要配合喷雾降尘,化学添加剂降尘等措施。利用实验研究方法测定了5种表面活性剂的湿润性,以阴离子快速渗透剂T作为主料与其它四种试剂进行复配,复配结果显示快速渗透剂T与烷基糖苷复配效果最佳,湿润性最好,综合分析了湿润剂的湿润性、化学毒性、经济性后确定最终配方:0.05%快速渗透剂T与0.01%烷基糖苷复配自来水溶液作湿润剂,添加质量浓度0.1%的硅酸钠作增效剂兼保水剂。研究成果深化了不同通风方式对风流场、粉尘运移及除尘效率影响的认识,优化风筒布置参数,配制了湿润剂进行喷雾降尘,对综掘工作面综合降尘措施的合理制定具有积极意义。
[Abstract]:By end of 2013, 850,000 cases of occupational diseases had been found in China, of which pneumoconiosis accounted for about 90%, and coal lung disease accounted for about 60%. The occupational hazard situation of coal dust in coal mine was extremely serious. Tunneling face is one of the main sources of dust production. In this paper, the distribution law of wind flow in tunneling face is theoretically analyzed, the force of dust particles is analyzed, and the equation of horizontal and vertical movement of dust particles is established. The results show that the diffusion velocity of dust particles in the air decreases rapidly, the movement distance is very short, the diffusion range is very small, and the main power of dust diffusion comes from the flow of the surrounding air. Therefore, the dust diffusion can be controlled by changing the air flow in the face. The dust migration law of the tunneling face under the pressure ventilation condition is simulated by the numerical simulation software, and the results show that the dust permeates the whole roadway. The dust removal effect is poor. In order to improve the dust reduction rate, dust removal fan is added to the roadway, and the dust migration law under the condition of long pressure and short suction ventilation is simulated. The results show that the dust concentration in front of fully mechanized working face is large. The dust concentration in the rear of the dust removal fan is greatly reduced, and the dust removal effect is good. The best arrangement position of the tuyere is determined. The dust reduction effect is good under the condition of long pressure and short suction ventilation, but the dust concentration in the working face still can not meet the requirements of the Coal Mine Safety regulations, so it is necessary to cooperate with the spray dust control. The wettability of five surfactants was determined by means of experimental study, and the anion rapid osmotic agent T was used as the main material to compound with the other four reagents. The results showed that the combination of rapid osmotic agent T and alkyl glycoside was the best and the wettability was the best. The wettability and chemical toxicity of the wetting agent were comprehensively analyzed. After economic analysis, the final formula: 0. 05% rapid osmotic agent T and 0.01% alkyl polyglycoside mixed tap water solution as wetting agent, adding sodium silicate with 0.1% mass concentration as synergist and water retaining agent. The understanding of the influence of dust migration and dust removal efficiency, the optimization of tuyere layout parameters and the preparation of wetting agent for spray dust control are of positive significance to the rational formulation of comprehensive dust control measures in fully mechanized working face.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD714.4

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