有色金属矿山强酸性尾矿库无土生态恢复技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 19:19

本文选题：有色金属矿山　切入点：强酸性废弃地　出处：《南昌大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的发展,矿业开发规模逐渐扩大,产生的选矿尾矿数量将不断增加,选矿规模越来越大,产生的选矿尾矿数量也将大量增加,尾矿库的生态恢复工作尤为重要。传统的尾矿库生态恢复大多采用覆土后植被的方法,该方法需要消耗大量的土源,投资成本高,且取土容易造成二次环境破坏,不适宜大范围推广。本文以江铜城门山铜矿凤爪沟尾矿库为研究对象,采取不覆土,直接在尾砂面上进行改良的方式进行生态恢复,探索尾矿库砂面不覆土直接生态恢复的可行性。本文在城门山铜矿尾矿库区选择典型区域作为实验区,实验区长100m,宽40m的面积(约4000m2),在实验前,首先对土壤的性质进行取样分析,主要包括土壤酸化指标(pH、EC、EH、NAG)、土壤重金属元素(铜、铅、锌等重金属总态和有效态)、营养元素(有机质、全磷、全钾和有效钾),通过土壤的性质成份各异,再对研究区域进行区块划分,并模拟闭库后的排水沟设置沟垄;实验区内部分隔5组并10小块对比区,每一组区块中通过相同的土壤改良模式+不同的植物搭配,以便实验中进行离散性对比。通过植物配置采用灌草苔搭配,实现生态的长期稳定性。在每个区域采用不同的土壤改良方式及植物配置配置模式,通过后期抚育阶段的观察,包括植物品种、植物生物量及多样性、土壤理化指标的改善情况进行调查分析,总结出最合理的土壤改良方式及植物配置工艺。通过本文的实验研究,总结出可用土壤改良基质和石灰对尾矿库土壤进行改良,筛选出可供推广最优品种的组合模式及各品种的混植密度:20%铺地黍+10%苎麻+40%土壤种子库资源+20%豆科植物+10%(高羊茅+狗牙根+百喜草);本次实验共筛选出8个优势品种:鬼针草、田菁、酸模叶蓼、茵陈蒿、铺地黍、苎麻、百喜草、苍耳,并观察和总结这些品种的生长特性,可以作为强酸性尾砂采取改良不覆土工艺的植被恢复品种。本研究成果突破了传统的覆土进行强酸性尾矿库模式,为今后有色金属矿山废弃地(尾矿库、排土场等)生态恢复提供了很好的借鉴和指导意义。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the scale of mining development is gradually expanding, and the number of tailings will increase, the scale of dressing will be larger and larger, and the amount of tailings will also increase. The ecological restoration of tailings reservoir is especially important. The traditional method of ecological restoration of tailing reservoir mostly adopts the method of vegetation after soil cover. This method needs to consume a lot of soil sources, the investment cost is high, and taking soil is easy to cause secondary environmental damage. This paper takes Fengchaogou tailings reservoir of Tongchengmenshan Copper Mine as the research object, adopts the method of not covering soil and directly improving the surface of tailing sand to carry out ecological restoration. To explore the feasibility of direct ecological restoration without overlying soil on the sand surface of tailings reservoir, this paper selects the typical area of tailing reservoir of Chengmenshan Copper Mine as the experimental area. The experimental area is 100m in length and 40m in width (about 4000m2). First of all, the properties of soil were sampled and analyzed, including soil acidification index (pH), total and available heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, etc.), nutrient elements (organic matter, total phosphorus, total phosphorus), soil heavy metal elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, etc.). Total potassium and available potassium were divided into blocks through different properties of soil, and furrows and ridges were set up in the gutter after the reservoir was closed. The experimental area was divided into 5 groups and 10 small contrast areas. In each set of blocks, different plant combinations were made through the same soil improvement model, so that discrete comparisons could be made in the experiment. To achieve long-term ecological stability. In each region, different soil improvement methods and plant allocation patterns were adopted, and the observation of late tending stage, including plant varieties, plant biomass and diversity, was carried out. The improvement of soil physical and chemical indexes was investigated and analyzed, and the most reasonable soil improvement methods and plant allocation techniques were summarized. Through the experimental study in this paper, it was concluded that the tailing soil could be improved by soil improvement matrix and lime. The combination model of the best variety for popularization and the mixed planting density of 10% 20% Ramie and 40% Ramie seed bank were selected. The seed bank resource of 20% legume was 20%. 8 dominant varieties: Hemisia nigra, Sesbania, Polygonum hydropiper, Artemisia capsicum, Millet, Ramie, Bahia, Xanthium, and observe and summarize the growth characteristics of these varieties, The results of this study break through the traditional model of strong acid tailing reservoir, which can be used as waste land of non-ferrous metal mines (tailing pool) in the future. Ecological restoration provides a good reference and guidance significance.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD926.4

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