小孔径深浅孔爆破在大采高顶板预裂中的研究与应用

发布时间：2018-04-06 01:08

本文选题：大采高　切入点：综采工作面　出处：《太原理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：坚硬顶板普遍存在于我国煤矿综采工作面的生产过程中，稳定存在的坚硬顶板强度大且在开采过程中难以垮落，这就会带来顶板事故。顶板事故在我国煤矿时有发生，严重影响煤矿安全生产，顶板在采掘生产过程中，突然发生冒落，对井下工人和生产设备的危害极大。尤其当厚层硬岩构成煤层顶板时，即使顶板大面积悬露也很难垮落，，当悬露面积达到一定范围时，顶板突然发生大面积垮落，首先因为其自身重力的直接作用，会对支架及工作面产生冲击破坏作用；其次赋存于顶板岩石之中能量的突然释放，会伴随煤的弹射等冲击矿压现象；同时采空区的空气发生瞬间冲出现象，强大气流的冲击作用，对设备的破坏和作业工人生命的威胁极其严重。因此，有必要采取措施对坚硬顶板进行强制放顶处理。本文针对长平矿大采高综采工作面坚硬顶板处理技术展开研究，结合本矿井以往工作面（4304工作面、4305工作面）在初采前坚硬顶板的爆破预裂处理效果，总结4304工作面、4305工作面爆破技术的不足，运用理论分析、试验分析、现场分析等多种方法积极探索出4307大采高工作面坚硬顶板预裂技术。首先收集长平煤矿资料以及井下现场钻取长平煤矿3号煤层顶板岩芯，并对3号煤层顶板岩石进行力学实验与实测分析等方法，对比分析开采3号煤层其他大采高综采工作面（4304工作面、4305工作面）的岩层赋存情况和赋存规律，全面了解掌握4307工作面的顶板岩石力学性质及其分层厚度及分层岩性；对类似顶板条件的4301工作面进行矿压观测，以及采用理论分析得出该矿3号煤顶板的矿压显现规律，为4307工作面顶板预裂方案的提出提供理论依据；其次通过运用爆破基础理论，从原理和方法对浅孔爆破和深孔爆破两类方法在顶板预裂过程中各自发挥的作用以及过程进行深入分析；结合4307工作面实际条件，在对比分析4304、4305工作面爆破方法的基础上，确定预裂爆破的主要参数，爆破炮孔间距根据分析计算爆破产生的裂隙带来确定，通过分析岩层断裂的基本规律以及顶板岩层的岩性分布来确定顶板预裂爆破处理深度。最后总结4304、4305工作面顶板预裂爆破经验，结合4304、4305工作面的爆破技术，克服4304、4305工作面爆破技术方法的不足，设计并提出一种合理的顶板预裂爆破方式——小孔径深浅孔综合爆破技术，对4307工作面坚硬顶板进行爆破预裂，最后着重对比分析预裂爆破前后工作面顶板的来压情况、爆破预裂前后支架的工作阻力情况和爆破预裂前后瓦斯浓度等方面，从而能对该爆破方式的合理性进行验证，为大采高工作面存在坚硬顶板这一类条件的矿区的安全开采提供一定的参考指导。
[Abstract]:Hard roof exists in China coal mine fully mechanized working face in the process of production, hard roof strength and stability are large and difficult to collapse in the mining process, which will bring the roof accident. The roof accidents have occurred in China's coal mines, seriously affect the safe production of coal mine, the roof in mining production process, suddenly take place fall on the underground workers and production equipment is very harmful. Especially when the thick layer of hard rock roof form, even if the roof hanging is also very difficult to collapse, when the hanging area reaches a certain range, a large area of roof caving, firstly because of the direct effect of its own gravity, to support working face and impact damage; secondly the occurrence of a sudden release of energy in roof rock, coal will be accompanied by the ejection etc. rockburst phenomenon; at the same time the goaf air rushed out, a strong atmosphere The impact of the flow is extremely serious to the destruction of the equipment and the life of the workers. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to carry out the forced caving treatment of the hard top plate.
Aiming at the Changping Mine Mining fully mechanized working face of hard roof processing technology research, combined with the previous work of the mine (4304 working face, 4305 face) in the pre splitting blasting effect of hard roof in the initial mining, summed up the 4304 work face, lack of surface blasting technology 4305, through theoretical analysis, experiment analysis of a variety of methods, site analysis explores 4307 mining blasting face of hard roof.
The first collection of Changping Mine data and underground drilling site of Changping Mine No. 3 coal seam roof rock mechanics experiment, and test analysis of No. 3 coal seam roof rock, comparative analysis of No. 3 seam mining and other large mining height fully mechanized working face (4304 face, 4305 face) strata occurrence and occurrence. Fully understand the 4307 working face roof rock mechanical properties and layer thickness and layer lithology; mineral pressure observation of 4301 working face of similar roof conditions, and the theoretical analysis is significant in the mine pressure law of No. 3 coal mine roof, and provide a theoretical basis for the roof of working face 4307 pre splitting scheme;
Secondly, through the use of blasting theory, from the principle and method of shallow hole blasting and deep hole blasting method in two kinds of roof pre splitting process of their role and the process of in-depth analysis; combined with the actual conditions of 4307 working face, 43044305 face blasting method based on comparing and analyzing the parameters of pre splitting blasting. The blasting hole spacing according to the analysis and calculation of blasting cracks caused by the basic law, analysis of rock fracture and roof rock lithology to determine the depth of roof pre splitting blasting treatment.
Finally, 43044305 roof pre splitting blasting experience, combined with the blasting technology of 43044305 working face, overcoming the shortcomings of 43044305 working face blasting method, put forward a reasonable roof pre splitting blasting of small diameter deep shallow hole blasting technology and integrated design, the 4307 working face of hard roof of pre splitting blasting, finally emphatically compared analysis of pre splitting blasting and the roof of working face pressure, pre splitting blasting and support working resistance and pre splitting blasting and gas concentration etc., so as to enable the rational way of blasting for verification, for large mining height working face existence condition of this kind of hard roof mining area to provide a reference the guidance of safe mining.

【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD235.33

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