岩质边坡生态重建人工土壤基质构建研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 01:39

本文选题：岩质边坡　切入点：铁尾矿　出处：《华北理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,矿山岩质边坡大多未进行生态恢复重建,若借鉴公路边坡喷播技术,其高成本是矿山企业难以承受的,同时矿山大多堆存大量尾矿,没有合理的利用途径。因此论文在岩质边坡植被混凝土重建技术的基础上,以铁尾矿为主要原料,秸秆、蘑菇肥和保水剂为基质配料,水泥为粘结剂,高羊茅和紫花苜蓿为先锋植物开展了试验研究。论文采用L9(34)正交表进行试验设计,对3种基质配料和粘结剂进行配比,以普通土壤为对照。通过测定各配比基质的容重、孔隙度、p H值、有机质、速效养分和水溶性盐溶度等指标对各配比基质的理化性质进行研究,同时测定植物出苗率、株高、生物量、植物光合特性和根系特征等指标对植物生长状况进行研究。试验结果表明:基质的理化性质均要好于对照,基本能够满足植物的生长需求;除紫花苜蓿出苗率外,各项指标均好于对照,植物的生长状况基本正常。采用排队评分法对各项指标进行筛选和正交试验分析,结果表明高羊茅组和紫花苜蓿组的最佳生长配比为秸秆3%、水泥6%~8%、蘑菇肥8%和保水剂1.0%~1.5%。试验结果表明,以铁尾矿为主要原料,秸秆和蘑菇肥等农业废弃物为配比材料配制岩质边坡生态重建人工土壤基质是科学可行的,并且可以实现工业固体废弃物和农业废弃物的综合利用,最终降低岩质边坡生态重建的成本。
[Abstract]:At present, most of the rock slopes in mines have not carried out ecological restoration and reconstruction. If the highway slope spray-seeding technology is used for reference, the high cost is unbearable to the mining enterprises. At the same time, most of the mines are piled up with a large number of tailings, and there is no reasonable way to use them.Therefore, on the basis of the reconstruction technology of vegetation concrete on rock slope, the experiment was carried out with iron tailings as main raw materials, straw, mushroom fertilizer and water-retaining agent as matrix ingredients, cement as binder, tall fescue and alfalfa as pioneer plants.In this paper, three kinds of matrix ingredients and binders were designed by using L9 / 34) orthogonal table, and the common soil was used as control.The physicochemical properties of the matrix were studied by measuring the bulk density, porosity, pH value, organic matter, available nutrients and water-soluble salt solubility. The plant emergence rate, plant height and biomass were also measured.The photosynthetic characteristics and root characteristics of plants were studied.The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of the substrate were better than that of the control, which could basically meet the needs of plant growth, except for the emergence rate of alfalfa, all the indexes were better than the control, and the plant growth status was basically normal.The best growth ratio of tall fescue group and alfalfa group were straw 3, cement 6 and 8%, mushroom fertilizer 8% and absorbent 1.0%. The results showed that the optimum growth ratio of tall fescue group and alfalfa group was 3% straw, 8% mushroom fertilizer and 1. 05% water absorbent.The results show that it is scientific and feasible to use iron tailings as main raw materials and agricultural wastes such as straw and mushroom fertilizer as proportioning materials to prepare artificial soil matrix for ecological reconstruction of rock slope.The comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste and agricultural waste can be realized and the cost of ecological reconstruction of rock slope can be reduced.
【学位授予单位】：华北理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S151.9;TD88

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