2000～2013年包头轻稀土矿“三废”污染物产排量变化及环境成本核算

发布时间：2018-04-06 02:38

本文选题：包头轻稀土矿　切入点：“三废”污染物　出处：《中国稀土学报》2017年04期

【摘要】：包头是我国乃至世界最大的稀土生产基地,但伴随稀土生产过程中产生的环境污染问题始终没有得到有效治理和合理补偿。该文基于产排污系数法,核算了2000~2013年包头稀土矿"三废"污染物的产生量和排放量变化,基于治理成本法,核算了包头稀土开发的环境成本,研究结果旨在为我国稀土资源开发利用和环境保护政策设计提供科学参考。核算结果表明:2000~2013年,包头轻稀土矿"三废"污染物产排量呈现先增加后减少的趋势,2007年达到历史最高点,之后随着稀土总量控制政策实施,污染物产排量逐年下降。包头轻稀土矿环境污染主要表现为大气和固体污染,冶炼单位稀土氧化物SO_2产生量513.7~534.7 kg,HW14危险废物产生量1.328~1.392 t;2000~2013年包头轻稀土矿资源开发环境成本从1.22亿元增加到2.02亿元,开发单位稀土氧化物环境成本平均4135元·t~(-1),其中水污染、大气污染和固体污染治理成本分别占比36%,26%和38%;2013年包头轻稀土矿主要稀土氧化物CeO_2和La2O3环境成本占其市场价格的17%~18%,稀土开发环境代价高,大于行业利润。稀土企业应发展循环经济、清洁生产模式,实现绿色产业转型发展。稀土产业应通过资源税等方式促使环境外部成本内部化,以体现稀土资源成本与环境损失补偿。
[Abstract]:Baotou is our country and even the world's largest production base of rare earth, but the problem of environmental pollution caused by the rare earth in the production process has not been effective governance and reasonable compensation. The emission coefficient method based on the accounting of 2000~2013 in Baotou rare earth mine "three wastes" pollutants changes and emissions, governance cost method based on the environmental cost accounting of Baotou rare earth development, the results of the study aimed to provide scientific reference for China's rare earth resources exploitation and environment protection policy design. Calculation results show that: 2000~2013 years, Baotou light rare earth mine "three wastes" emissions products increased firstly and then decreased, reached an all-time high in 2007, with the total control of rare earth the implementation of the policy, pollution products displacement decreased year by year. Baotou light rare earth ore mainly for atmospheric environmental pollution and solid pollution, smelting of rare earth oxides SO_2 production unit Students 513.7~534.7 kg, 1.328~1.392 t HW14 production of hazardous waste; Baotou 2000~2013 light rare earth mineral resource exploitation and environmental costs increased from 122 million yuan to 202 million yuan, the development unit of rare earth oxide environment cost an average of 4135 yuan - t~ (-1), including water pollution, air pollution and solid pollution abatement costs accounted for 36% and 26%. 38% 2013; Baotou light rare earth ore mainly rare earth oxides CeO_2 and La2O3 in environmental cost in the market price of 17%~18%, the price of rare earth development environment is high, higher than the industry profit. Rare earth enterprises should develop a recycling economy, clean production mode, realize green industrial transformation and development of rare earth industry. Through resource tax and other means to promote the internalization of environmental external costs. In order to reflect the cost of rare earth resources and environmental compensation.

【作者单位】：环境保护部环境规划院;中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所;中科院地理科学与资源研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41371533,41371536) 中国博士后科学基金项目(2016M590164)资助
【分类号】：X196;X753

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