综合物探方法在尾矿库坝体安全性评价中的研究及应用

发布时间：2018-04-16 00:16

本文选题：浅层地震反射波法 + 高密度电法　；参考：《成都理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：矿山资源是现代社会发展所需资源中十分重要的组成部分,矿山生产的安全是矿产资源得以开发利用的重要保证。尾矿库设施是矿山生产设施的重要组成部分,其坝体的安全不仅关系到矿产开发,一旦发生溃坝等灾害,对库区下游的居民生活、生态坏境都有十分巨大的危害。近年来,我国地震频发,为保证尾矿库的安全,在震后研究地震对于尾矿库坝体稳定性的影响以及库区周边山体的地质构造情况是十分必要的。调查坝体安全隐患及山体不良地质构造的主要手段有三种:人工查探、工程钻探和地球物理勘探。地球物理勘探较之前两种勘察手段,具有高效、快捷、经济等诸多优势,近年来,随着工程地球物理方法的发展,技术水平不断进步,勘探的精度也在不断提高,工程地球物理方法被广泛的用于解决各种工程地质问题。然而,单一的地球物理方法具有多解性,在实际工程勘察中,最好的方案就是使用多种物探法方法综合勘探,相互印证,以保证勘探结果的准确性。论文以震后的攀枝花马家田尾矿库的坝体及其周边山体为研究对象,以查明研究区域的地质情况为目的,采用浅层地震反射波法、高密度电法、高精度重力勘探、氡气测量4种地球物理方法进行综合物探的应用与研究。文章阐述了4种物探方法的基础理论以及方法特点,并采用有限差分法、二维有限元法、多边形截面法分别对地震波、视电阻率和重力异常进行数值模拟的正演研究,首先给出了声波与弹性波的波动方程及其差分格式、电阻率成像的变分公式以及均匀多边形截面二度体重力异常公式,然后以尾矿库区的实际地质情况为背景,建立了工程勘察中较常遇到的4种地质模型:起伏基岩面模型、充填型地下空洞模型、充填型断层破碎带模型、岩性软弱层模型,通过对这4类模型的正演研究,总结出这4类地质体在3种物探方法中的异常特征,探讨了浅层地震反射波法、高密度电法、高精度重力勘探这3种方法对于勘探这4类地质体各自的优缺点,从而为后续勘探工作的开展、数据反演和成果的解译提供参考指导。最后,在以上研究的基础上,充分收集相关资料,对尾矿库坝体及其周边山体进行综合地球物理勘察,查明尾矿坝是否存在安全隐患以及库区周边山体是否存在会危害到库区安全的不良地质构造。研究表明,本次采用的4种地球物理方法在尾矿库安全性评价中的应用效果良好,4种方法相互印证,相互补充,正演结果对于最终勘探成果的反演与解释具有较高的参考价值。本次勘探查明了尾矿库坝体及其周边山体的地质情况,勘察结果也得到了相关地质资料与钻孔资料的验证,为尾矿库坝体的安全性评价以及后续的治理维护工作提供了地质参考,同时也为综合物探在其他尾矿库安全性评价中的应用提供了参考依据及应用经验。
[Abstract]:The mine resource is a very important part of the resources needed for the development of modern society, and the safety of mine production is an important guarantee for the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources.Tailing reservoir facilities are an important part of mine production facilities. The safety of the dam body is not only related to the development of mineral resources. Once the dam break occurs, it will do great harm to the life and ecological environment of the downstream residents of the reservoir area.In recent years, earthquakes occur frequently in China. In order to ensure the safety of tailing reservoir, it is necessary to study the influence of earthquake on the stability of tailing dam body and the geological structure of mountain body around the reservoir area.There are three main methods to investigate the hidden danger of the dam body and the bad geological structure of the mountain body: manual exploration, engineering drilling and geophysical exploration.Geophysical exploration has many advantages, such as high efficiency, rapidity, economy and so on. In recent years, with the development of engineering geophysical methods, the technical level has been improved and the precision of exploration has been improved.Engineering geophysical methods are widely used to solve various engineering geological problems.However, the single geophysical method has multiple solutions. In practical engineering exploration, the best scheme is to use various geophysical methods to synthesize exploration and verify each other, so as to ensure the accuracy of exploration results.This paper takes the dam body of Majiatian tailings reservoir in Panzhihua after the earthquake as the research object and the surrounding mountain body as the research object. In order to find out the geological conditions of the study area, the shallow seismic reflection wave method, the high density electric method and the high precision gravity exploration are adopted.The application and research of four geophysical methods for radon measurement are studied.In this paper, the basic theory and characteristics of four geophysical prospecting methods are described, and the forward modeling of seismic wave, apparent resistivity and gravity anomaly is studied by using finite difference method, two-dimensional finite element method and polygonal section method respectively.The wave equation of acoustic wave and elastic wave and its difference scheme, the variational formula of resistivity imaging and the formula of two-degree body force anomaly of uniform polygonal section are given, and then the actual geological conditions of tailing reservoir area are taken as the background.Four kinds of geological models are established in engineering survey: undulating bedrock model, filling underground cavity model, filling fault fracture zone model, lithologic weak layer model. The forward modeling of these four models is studied.The anomalous characteristics of these four geological bodies in three kinds of geophysical prospecting methods are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of shallow seismic reflection wave method, high-density electric method and high-precision gravity exploration method for the exploration of these four kinds of geological bodies are discussed.It provides reference for the development of exploration work, data inversion and interpretation of the results.Finally, on the basis of the above research, the comprehensive geophysical survey of the tailing dam body and its surrounding mountain body is carried out by collecting the relevant data.It is found out whether there is a hidden danger to the safety of the tailings dam and whether there is a bad geological structure around the reservoir area which will endanger the safety of the reservoir area.The results show that the four geophysical methods used in the safety evaluation of tailings reservoir have a good effect on the safety evaluation of tailings reservoir. The results of forward modeling have a high reference value for the inversion and interpretation of the final exploration results.The geological conditions of the tailing dam body and its surrounding mountains have been ascertained in this exploration, and the survey results have also been verified by the relevant geological data and drilling data.It provides a geological reference for the safety evaluation of the tailing dam body and the subsequent management and maintenance work, and also provides a reference basis and application experience for the application of comprehensive geophysical exploration in the safety evaluation of other tailing reservoirs.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD926.4;P631

【参考文献】