井工煤矿区土地复垦研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 01:28

本文选题：井工煤矿 + 损毁土地　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国幅员辽阔,土地资源总量雄厚。然而,人口众多,耕地较少,人均耕地占有量远低于世界平均水平,耕地后备资源严重不足。随着当今社会经济的快速发展,人口日益增加,导致人地矛盾关系越来越紧张。中国是世界第三矿业大国,同时也是世界上最大的煤炭消费国家,对能源的需求旺盛。大规模、高强度的开采煤炭资源,造成大规模的土地以压占、挖损、污染、塌陷等方式受损,且损毁程度不尽相同,伴随而来的是严峻的生态环境问题,从某种程度上直接影响到土地资源安全。为了有效缓解人地矛盾关系,切实治理生态环境问题,保护好有限的土地资源,必须做好矿区土地复垦工作。土地复垦规划设计严谨,科学地预测矿区损毁土地范围并做好复垦适宜性评价是确定复垦方向的基础和前提,在此基础上做出的规划设计才具有可行性、指导性。首先,本文对土地复垦的研究背景、意义及国内外研究进展进行介绍,解读土地整治相关概念和理论基础,引入林地质量等级与耕地质量等别概念。其次,论述土地复垦的一些相关内容,包括土地复垦适宜性评价、复垦规划设计、林地质量等级评定、耕地质量等别评定。分析各个模块操作的原理、原则、方法、指标体系、基本参数等。最后,本文选取罗平县龙驰煤矿区为研究区,重点将理论知识应用到实例中,结合研究区进行研究论证。土地复垦适宜性评价中,在选择评价因子时,既采用了传统的土地复垦适宜性评价因子,包括土壤质地、地形坡度、土壤有机质含量等,同时,加入具有针对性、可操作性的损毁程度因子,总共选取10个评价因子。运用YAAHP软件,构建层次结构模型和判断矩阵,达到判断矩阵一致性要求,计算出各个因子的权重。在划分评价单元方面,打破以往划分标准,选取更加合理的划分标准——二级评价单元。参照评价因子打分标准和评价结果等级划分标准,应用ArcGIS完成土地复垦适宜性评价,确定各地块土地复垦利用方向。经分析结果,大部分荒草地、裸地被开发利用,提高了土地利用率,耕地、林地数量均有所增加。在复垦工作中,对复垦区进行规划设计,合理布局农田水利设施、田间道路等,改善了研究区的生产、生活条件,农民积极投入生产,改良土壤结构,久而久之,耕地质量也会有所提升。为了掌握复垦前后耕地质量变化情况,本文借鉴以往的农用地分等成果,结合矿区复垦耕地的特点,严格遵守评定原则和要求,评定出复垦后耕地质量等别。土地行业中,很少关注林地的质量。然而,矿区的开采对林地也会造成一定程度的损毁。为了掌握林地复垦前后质量情况,本文大胆尝试评定林地的质量等级,以分析复垦前后林地质量等级变化情况。通过试验,提供一定的理论基础,望林地质量在以后的土地复垦工作中得到重视,切实关注林地质量,采取有效措施改善林地质量,真正做到保护土地,保护生态环境。
[Abstract]:China has a vast territory and abundant land resources. However, the population is large, the cultivated land is less, the per capita cultivated land quantity is far lower than the world average level, the cultivated land reserve resources is seriously insufficient. With the rapid development of social economy and increasing population, the contradiction between man and land is becoming more and more tense. China is the world's third largest mining country and the world's largest coal consumer, with strong demand for energy. Large-scale and high-intensity mining of coal resources causes large-scale land to be damaged by means of occupation, excavation, pollution, collapse, and so on, and the degree of damage is different, accompanied by severe ecological and environmental problems. To some extent, it directly affects the security of land resources. In order to effectively alleviate the contradiction between man and land, effectively control ecological environment problems and protect limited land resources, it is necessary to do a good job of land reclamation in mining areas. The planning and design of land reclamation is rigorous, the scientific prediction of damaged land range and the evaluation of reclamation suitability are the basis and premise to determine the reclamation direction, and the planning and design based on it is feasible and instructive. Firstly, this paper introduces the research background, significance and research progress of land reclamation at home and abroad, interprets the related concepts and theoretical basis of land reclamation, and introduces the concepts of forest land quality grade and cultivated land quality. Secondly, it discusses some related contents of land reclamation, including land reclamation suitability evaluation, reclamation planning and design, forest land quality evaluation, cultivated land quality evaluation and so on. Analyze the principle, principle, method, index system and basic parameters of each module operation. Finally, this paper selects Longchi coal mine area of Luoping County as the research area, and focuses on applying theoretical knowledge to the case, combining with the research area to carry out research and demonstration. In the evaluation of land reclamation suitability, the traditional land reclamation suitability evaluation factors, including soil texture, topographic slope, soil organic matter content and so on, are used in the selection of evaluation factors. Operational damage degree factor, a total of 10 evaluation factors selected. The hierarchical structure model and judgment matrix are constructed by using YAAHP software to meet the requirement of consistency of judgment matrix and the weight of each factor is calculated. In the aspect of dividing the evaluation unit, we break the previous division standard, and select the more reasonable division standard-the second grade evaluation unit. According to the evaluation factor scoring standard and the evaluation result grade standard, the suitability evaluation of land reclamation was completed by using ArcGIS, and the land reclamation and utilization direction of each plot was determined. The results showed that most of the barren grassland and bare land were developed and utilized, and the utilization rate of land and the amount of cultivated land and woodland were increased. In the reclamation work, the planning and design of the reclamation areas, the rational distribution of farmland and water conservancy facilities, and the field roads have improved the production and living conditions of the research areas, the active involvement of farmers in production, and the improvement of the soil structure over time. The quality of cultivated land will also improve. In order to understand the change of cultivated land quality before and after reclamation, this paper draws lessons from the previous achievements of agricultural land classification, combines the characteristics of reclaimed cultivated land in mining areas, strictly observes the evaluation principles and requirements, and evaluates the quality of cultivated land after reclamation. In the land industry, little attention is paid to the quality of woodland. However, mining in the mining area will also cause a certain degree of damage to the forest land. In order to understand the quality of forestland before and after reclamation, this paper tries to evaluate the quality grade of forestland and analyze the change of quality grade of forestland before and after reclamation. Through the experiment, it is hoped that the quality of forest land will be paid more attention to in the future land reclamation work, and that effective measures should be taken to improve the quality of forest land so as to protect the land and protect the ecological environment.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD88

【引证文献】