钒钛磁铁矿尾矿中金银镍钴铜的综合回收利用工艺

发布时间：2018-04-29 17:27

本文选题：钒钛磁铁矿 + 综合回收　；参考：《湘潭大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：钒钛磁铁矿是一种伴生多种有价元素的多元共生矿物,在我国储量较大,分布广泛。目前钒钛磁铁矿综合利用主要是从如何回收铁、钒和钛开展的,而对于其中伴生的有价金属元素回收的研究相对较少。随着社会经济的发展,资源和能源短缺已是人类共同面对的一大难题,因此,对矿物中有价元素的综合利用具有潜在经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。本文以陕西省某钒钛磁铁矿选矿后的尾矿为研究对象,对矿物中的低品位贵金属金、银及有色金属镍、钴、铜进行综合回收。本文研究了三种工艺:尾矿直接碱性浸出工艺、浮选-碱性浸出工艺、浮选-酸性-碱性联合浸出工艺,并对各种回收工艺进行了经济评价。尾矿直接碱性浸出实验表明,此浸出工艺的最佳条件为:常温常压,pH为11的氨溶液中,液固比2 ml/g,“金蝉”浸出剂用量1 kg/t,反应时间24 h;在此条件下金、银、镍、钴、铜的浸出率可以稳定的达到80.1%、74.6%、59.7%、57.3%和84.2%。浮选实验表明,混合浮选的最佳工艺条件为:磨矿细度-0.074 mm占84.5%左右,矿浆浓度25%左右,用量为1000 g/t,丁基黄药75 g/t,丁铵黑药50 g/t,SN-9#100g/t,松醇油50 g/t松醇油;在此条件下,得到的混合粗精矿产率约为3.5%,金、银、镍、钴、铜的品位平均可以达到1.69 g/t、7.3 g/t、0.22%、0.18%和0.12%。混合粗精矿碱性浸出工艺表明,此浸出工艺的最佳条件是:常温常压下,浸出剂用量为1 kg/t、浸出时间24 h、搅拌速度400 r/min、液固比为2 ml/g;最佳条件下,金、银、镍、钴、铜的浸出率分别可达到为96.5%、92.3%、90.8%、88.7%和97.4%。混合粗精矿酸性-碱性联合浸出工艺的最佳条件为:酸性浸出阶段:硫酸用量为矿石质量的40%,氯酸钠用量为矿石质量的3%,液固比2 ml/g,搅拌速度400 r/min,浸出时间8 h;最佳工艺条件下,镍、钴、铜的浸出率分别可以达到92.8%、91.1%、93.6%。碱性浸出阶段:常温常压,浸出剂用量0.8 kg/t,搅拌速度400 r/min,浸出时间24 h;在此实验条件下,金、银的回收率可以达到95.7%和92.2%。根据最佳实验数据对三种工艺进行经济预算,以日处理尾矿量2万吨来计算,则浮选-碱性浸出工艺获得的经济效益最好,每日可产生51.3338万元的收益。
[Abstract]:Vanadium titanomagnetite is a multicomponent symbiotic mineral with many valuable elements, which is widely distributed in China. At present, the comprehensive utilization of vanadium titanomagnetite is mainly carried out from how to recover iron, vanadium and titanium, but there is relatively little research on the recovery of valuable metal elements associated with it. With the development of social economy, the shortage of resources and energy has become a difficult problem for mankind. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization of valuable elements in minerals has potential economic, social and environmental benefits. In this paper, the tailings of a vanadium titanomagnetite ore in Shaanxi Province are taken as the research object, and the low grade precious metal gold, silver, non-ferrous metal nickel, cobalt and copper are comprehensively recovered. In this paper, three processes are studied: direct alkaline leaching of tailings, floatation-alkaline leaching, combined floatation-acid and alkaline leaching, and economic evaluation of various recovery processes. The experiment of direct alkaline leaching of tailings shows that the optimum conditions are as follows: in ammonia solution at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, pH = 11, the ratio of liquid to solid is 2 ml / g, the amount of leaching agent is 1 kg / t, the reaction time is 24 h, under these conditions, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, The leaching rate of copper can reach 80.1% and 74.6%, 57.3% and 84.2% respectively. The flotation experiments show that the optimum technological conditions for mixed flotation are: grinding fineness -0.074mm accounting for 84.5%, pulp concentration about 25%, dosage 1000 g / t, Ding Ji xanthate 75 g / t, ammonium butylammonium 50 g / t, black butylammonium 50 g / t SN-9 #100g / t, pine alcohol oil 50 g / t, The yield of mixed coarse concentrate is about 3.5%. The grade of gold, silver, nickel, cobalt and copper can reach 1.69 g / t 7.3 g / t 0.22% 0.18% and 0.12% on average. The basic leaching process of mixed coarse concentrate shows that the optimum conditions are as follows: under normal temperature and atmospheric pressure, the amount of leaching agent is 1 kg / t, the leaching time is 24 h, the stirring speed is 400 rmin, the liquid-solid ratio is 2 ml / g, the optimum conditions are gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, The leaching rate of copper can reach 96.5% and 90.8%, respectively, and 97.5% and 97.4% respectively. The optimum conditions of mixed coarse concentrate leaching process are as follows: acid leaching stage: sulfuric acid dosage is 40% of ore mass, sodium chlorate dosage is 3% of ore mass, liquid-solid ratio is 2 ml / g, stirring speed is 400 r / min, leaching time is 8 h; Under the best technological conditions, The leaching rates of nickel, cobalt and copper can reach 92.8% and 91.1% respectively. In the alkaline leaching stage, the recovery rate of gold and silver can reach 95.7% and 92.2% under the conditions of normal temperature and atmospheric pressure, amount of leaching agent 0.8 kg / t, stirring speed of 400 r / min and leaching time of 24 h. According to the best experimental data, the economic budget of the three processes and the calculation of the daily tailing amount of 20, 000 tons, the floatation-alkaline leaching process has the best economic benefit and can generate 513338 yuan per day.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD926.4

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