济宁市煤矿区土地复垦方式对土壤养分状况的影响

发布时间：2018-05-21 01:13

本文选题：复垦方式 + 复垦土壤　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文基于当前矿区土地复垦研究现状,以济宁市不同复垦方式土壤以及不同年限同一复垦方式土壤为研究对象,研究分析济宁矿区复垦区土壤化学肥力性状,探索不同复垦方式对土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质、土壤肥力的影响,以及不同复垦年限后,土壤有机质、速效钾、有效磷、有机质等的变化规律,对试验结果进行分析、评价,为矿区土壤肥力及环境恢复提供理论依据,研究结果表明:(1)不同复垦方式对煤矿复垦区土壤养分状况的影响以济宁市采煤塌陷区粉煤灰充填、煤矸石充填、引湖充填、引黄充填、预复垦5种方式的复垦土壤为研究对象,研究不同复垦方式对土壤养分及整体肥力恢复程度的影响。结果表明,在0-30cm耕作层,煤矸石充填较其他方式对复垦土壤碱解氮、有效磷和有机质的含量提升效果更显著,分别达28.07mg/kg、45.15mg/kg、1.14%。速效钾含量以引黄充填最高,粉煤灰充填对耕层土壤碱解氮含量影响最小,预复垦对耕层土壤有效磷、速效钾、有机质含量的影响最小;在30-50cm土层,对复垦土壤养分提升效果最显著的为粉煤灰充填,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾及有机质分别高于对照地块68.5%、89.0%、71.4%、177.3%。五种复垦方式对耕作层土壤整体肥力的影响由大到小依次为粉煤灰充填地块煤矸石充填地块引黄充填地块引湖充填地块预复垦地块,在30-50 cm土层依次为引湖充填粉煤灰充填预复垦引黄充填煤矸石充填。综合考虑不同复垦方式对土壤养分及整体肥力恢复程度的影响,粉煤灰充填、引湖充填方式对于济宁地区土壤肥力的恢复效果最为显著,可在该地区进行进一步的推广。(2)同一复垦方式不同年限下土壤养分的变化情况复垦1年、3年、5年土壤有机质含量均低于对照地块,但到复垦5年时,土壤有机质含量为10.34、13.28/12.11,低于对照地块3.48/0.33/0.83,较复垦1年有机质含量有大幅地增加,并且已基本接近对照地块有机质含量。复垦初期,土壤碱解氮含量较低,碱解氮含量分别为57.29mg/kg、59.67 mg/kg、60.14mg/kg,低于对照地块27.313 mg/kg、25.782 mg/kg、27.41 mg/kg;但随着复垦年限的延长,土壤碱解氮含量逐渐增加,虽复垦五年土壤碱解氮含量仍低于对照地块,但随着复垦年限的增长,其含量增加较快,基本可以达到正常农田水平。试验表明,复垦1年、3年、5年的土壤有效磷含量均大幅低于对照地块,复垦1年土壤有效磷低于对照地块11.810 mg/kg、10.536 mg/kg、11.479 mg/kg;复垦3年,低于对照地块10.420 mg/kg、9.616 mg/kg、11.139 mg/kg;复垦5年土壤有效磷含量为6.34 mg/kg、6.21 mg/kg、5.93 mg/kg,约占对照地块土壤有效磷含量的60%,虽然有效磷含量在复垦5年之后只有对照地块的60%,但总体还是呈上升趋势。复垦1年土壤速效钾含量低于对照地块,随着复垦年限的延长,土壤速效钾含量随之增长,复垦3年0-20cm、20-40cm、40-60cm土层土壤速效钾含量为110.28 mg/kg、122.39 mg/kg、118.49 mg/kg。复垦5年0-20cm、40-60cm土层土壤速效钾含量仍低于对照地块,但20-40cm土层土壤速效钾含量基本趋近于对照地块速效钾含量。(3)引黄充填复垦样地土壤质量恢复趋势引黄充填土壤容重在观测基年7年后可恢复,5至6年后充填复垦的有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量可恢复至对照耕地水平;有效磷含量的恢复时间相对较长,达到15年,可适当增施磷肥进行改良。
[Abstract]:Based on the current research status of land reclamation in the mining area, this paper studies the soil chemical fertility in the reclaimed area of Jining mining area and explores the effects of different reclamation ways on soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter and soil fertility in the reclaimed area of Jining mining area, based on the soil of different reclamation ways in Jining and the soil of the same reclamation mode in different years. After different reclamation years, the change rules of soil organic matter, available potassium, effective phosphorus, organic matter, etc., are analyzed and evaluated to provide theoretical basis for soil fertility and environmental recovery in mining area. The results show that: (1) the effect of different reclamation methods on soil nutrient status in the reclaimed area of coal mine is in Jining coal mining subsidence area powder coal The effects of different reclamation methods on soil nutrients and overall fertility restoration were studied by 5 kinds of reclaimed soil, including ash filling, gangue filling, water diversion, yellow filling and pre reclamation. The results showed that the content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter in reclaimed soil was raised in the 0-30cm tillage layer. The results are more significant, the content of 28.07mg/kg, 45.15mg/kg and 1.14%. is the highest, and the effect of the fly ash filling on the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil is the smallest. The effect of the pre reclamation on the available phosphorus, the available potassium and the content of organic matter in the plough soil is the smallest. In the 30-50cm soil layer, the most significant effect of the soil nutrient promotion is the pulverized coal. Ash filling, soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, effective phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter were 68.5%, 89%, 71.4%, respectively. The effect of five kinds of reclamation methods on the overall soil fertility of the tillage layer from large to small was the pre reclaimed land in the backfill block of the coal waste filling massif of the fly ash filling massif, and in the 30-50 cm soil layer. The effect of different reclamation methods on soil nutrient and overall fertility restoration degree was considered. The effect of flyash filling and lake filling on the restoration of soil fertility in Jining area was the most significant. (2) the same reclamation in the area. The soil nutrient changes under different years were reclaimed for 1 years, in 3 years and 5 years, the content of soil organic matter was lower than that of the control massif, but at 5 years of reclamation, the content of soil organic matter was 10.34,13.28/12.11, lower than that of the control block 3.48/0.33/0.83, and the content of organic matter in 1 years was greatly increased, and it was basically close to the organic matter in the control block. In the early period of reclamation, the soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content was low, the content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen was 57.29mg/kg, 59.67 mg/kg, 60.14mg/kg, lower than the control block 27.313 mg/kg, 25.782 mg/kg, 27.41 mg/kg, but the soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content gradually increased with the period of reclamation, although the soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content was still lower than that of the control massif for five years, but along with reclamation. The growth of the years, its content increased rapidly and basically reached the normal farmland level. The experiment showed that the soil effective phosphorus content of 1 years, 3 years and 5 years was significantly lower than that of the control massif. The soil available phosphorus in the reclaimed 1 years was 11.810 mg/kg, 10.536 mg/kg, 11.479 mg/ kg, and 3 years, lower than the control plot 10.420 mg/kg, 9.616 mg/kg, 11.. 139 mg/kg, soil effective phosphorus content of 5 years was 6.34 mg/kg, 6.21 mg/kg, 5.93 mg/kg, accounting for 60% of the soil available P in the control block, although the content of effective phosphorus was only 60% of the control land after 5 years, but the content of soil available potassium was lower than that of the control massif for 1 years, with the extension of reclamation years. The content of available potassium in soil increased, and the content of available potassium in soil layer of 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm was 110.28 mg/kg, 122.39 mg/kg and 118.49 mg/kg. for 5 years 0-20cm, and the content of available potassium in soil of 40-60cm soil was still lower than that of the control massif, but the content of available potassium in the soil layer of 20-40cm soil was almost close to the content of the control massif. (3) diversion of yellow. The soil quality recovery trend of filling reclaimed land can be recovered after 7 years of observation base year. After 5 to 6 years, the content of soil reclaimed and reclaimed, the content of alkali and available K can be recovered to the control farmland level, the recovery time of the effective phosphorus content is relatively long, reaching 15 years, and the proper application of phosphate fertilizer can be improved.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD88

【参考文献】