基于采场稳定性分析的二步骤矿房回采方法及回采方案研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 16:25

本文选题：开采效应 + 稳定性　；参考：《江西理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在现有的技术条件下,矿石的获取主要还是来源于地下矿体的开采。充填是处理采空区的重要手段,随着时间的推移,充填体不断聚集增多,难免出现一些难回采矿体。对井下人员安全及安全产生极大隐患,经济效益下降。本文以安庆铜矿东五采场为工程背景,安庆铜矿1号矿体东五采场周围被充填体所包围,是一个典型的二步骤难回采矿体。采用失稳机理分析,现场监测分析及数值计算分析等手段进行研究,对其开采效应进行研究,并有针对性的优选采矿方法及跟踪评价。本文主要研究内容及成果如下:结合矿山的水文地质资料及现场考察取样,了解矿区内的岩石属性分类。现场取样进行岩石力学参数实验,综合胡克布朗法及经验折减法对实验数据进行工程化处理,进一步得到相应的岩体力学参数。结合安庆铜矿东五采场失稳的现场情况及充填体下周边围岩的特殊应力分布情况,使用冒落失稳机理、岩爆理论及基于模糊物元岩爆倾向分析等,进行失稳机理研究。揭示了引起岩爆的诱因具有多样性,其中上盘围岩破碎,周边充填体聚集,二次应力集中,VCR大爆破能量释放量级大,是导致岩体失稳的主要因素。通过分析现有的二次应力、位移监测等监测数据。可知,受往年周边一步骤矿房回采的影响,使得安庆铜矿东五采场的上盘围岩出现应力集中现象。同时地质雷达的探测数据表明,采场的上盘围岩内部出现不同程度的破碎,严重影响了回采的安全性。但是从总体上看,控制爆破量级及暴露空间面积,可以有效的降低失稳现象发生。利用FLAC数值模拟,对开采效应进行研究。同时对采场的参数进行详细的论证,兼顾安全与经济效益得出采场分两步骤回采,一步骤回采宽度20m,采用胶结充填,二步骤采场宽度63m采用全尾砂胶结充填方案。结合理论和监测数据分析的结果,针对东五采场被充填体包围且上盘破碎,应力集中等特点,对采矿方法进行了优选,本着安全第一,兼顾经济的前提下,在上向中深孔嗣后充填、下向深孔嗣后充填及上向分层充填三种回采方法中,得出最佳回采方法为上向分层充填回采。对本采矿方法在矿山实践进行了跟踪评价,东五采场实现了安全回采,矿石回收率达到86%,矿石损失率17%,贫化率8%,且周边充填体处于稳定状态,没有发生大的失稳事件,取得了良好的经济效益。
[Abstract]:Under the existing technical conditions, ore acquisition mainly comes from underground ore body mining. Filling is an important means to deal with goaf. With the passage of time the filling body is increasing and some difficult orebodies inevitably appear. It has great hidden danger to the safety and safety of underground personnel, and the economic benefit is decreased. Taking the east fifth stope of Anqing Copper Mine as the engineering background, the east fifth stope of No. 1 orebody of Anqing Copper Mine is surrounded by filling body, which is a typical two-step refractory orebody. The instability mechanism analysis, field monitoring analysis and numerical calculation analysis are used to study the mining effect. The main contents and achievements of this paper are as follows: combined with hydrogeological data and on-site investigation and sampling, the classification of rock attributes in the mining area is understood. The rock mechanics parameters were tested by field sampling, and the corresponding rock mechanics parameters were obtained by combining Hooke Brown method and empirical reduction method to engineering the experimental data. Combined with the field situation of East five stope instability in Anqing Copper Mine and the special stress distribution of surrounding rock around the filling body, the instability mechanism is studied by using the mechanism of caving instability, the theory of rock burst and the analysis of rock burst tendency based on fuzzy matter element. It is revealed that the causes of rock burst are diverse, in which the rock mass is broken in the upper wall rock, the surrounding backfill accumulates, and the energy release of the VCR blasting is large in secondary stress concentration, which is the main factor leading to the rock mass instability. Through the analysis of the existing secondary stress, displacement monitoring and other monitoring data. It can be seen that the surrounding rock of east fifth stope of Anqing Copper Mine appears stress concentration phenomenon due to the influence of one-step mining in previous years. At the same time, the detection data of GPR show that different degree of breakage occurs in the surrounding rock of the upper face of the stope, which seriously affects the safety of the mining. But on the whole, controlling the blasting order and the exposed space area can effectively reduce the occurrence of instability. FLAC numerical simulation is used to study the mining effect. At the same time, the parameters of the stope are demonstrated in detail. It is concluded that the stope is recoverable in two steps, the stoping width is 20m in one step, the cemented filling is adopted in the first step, and the cemented filling scheme is adopted in the two-step stope width of 63m. Combined with the results of theory and monitoring data analysis, in view of the characteristics of Dongwu stope surrounded by filling body, broken upper face and stress concentration, the mining method was selected optimally. Under the premise of safety first and economic consideration, the mining method was optimized. Among the three kinds of mining methods: the subsequent filling of the upper middle deep hole, the subsequent filling of the downward deep hole and the upward stratified filling, the best mining method is the upward stratified filling. This mining method has been followed up and evaluated in the mine practice. The safe recovery rate of the ore has been achieved in Dongwu stope, the ore recovery rate has reached 86, the ore loss rate is 17, the dilution rate is 8, and the surrounding filling body is in a stable state, and there is no major unstable event. Good economic benefits have been achieved.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD862.1

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