基于声发射时序特征的岩石破裂前兆规律研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 07:25

【摘要】：中国大陆较为复杂的地质条件及巨大的岩石工程建设量使我国成为世界上遭受工程地质灾害最为严重的地区之一。为了减少岩石工程建设过程中的人员、财产损失,岩体稳定性评价与工程地质灾害预报十分必要。岩石本身性质及所处地质环境的复杂性决定了从理论上给出岩体稳定性的评价是很困难的,必须依靠监测手段。因此,深入分析监测数据与围岩稳定性间的关系,对于防治岩体失稳破坏诱发的地质灾害、保证矿山安全生产、减少人员及财产损失具有重要意义。本文基于声发射试验,首先研究了声发射监测信息在岩石破坏过程中的变化规律,然后利用该变化规律建立了一种岩石稳定性评价方法,最后将该评价方法应用于石人沟铁矿境界顶柱的稳定性评价。主要工作可归结为以下几个方面：1.对蚀变花岗片麻岩进行单轴压缩条件下的声发射试验,分析岩石破坏过程中声发射撞击参数随时间的变化规律,确定各参数前兆现象发生的时间顺序及对应裂纹演化阶段。2.基于单轴压缩条件下波速随应力的变化规律,构建波速-应力关系模型。然后,将该模型代入声发射事件定位算法中,实现变波速条件下的声发射事件定位。3.分析单轴压缩条件下声发射事件的时空演化规律,确定岩石破坏前声发射事件前兆现象出现的时间顺序及对应裂纹演化阶段。4.联合分析岩石破裂前声发射撞击参数及声发射事件前兆现象,确定这些现象的一般时间顺序。基于该时间顺序与裂纹演化阶段间的关系建立基于声发射时序特征的岩石稳定性评价方法,该方法可对单轴压缩条件下岩石的稳定性做出较为合理的评价结果。5.利用该岩石稳定性评价方法分析石人沟铁矿微震监测数据,对露天转地下开采过程中石人沟铁矿境界顶柱的稳定性进行评价,同样获得了较为合理的评价结果。
[Abstract]:Because of the complicated geological conditions and the huge amount of rock engineering construction in mainland China, China has become one of the most serious engineering geological disasters in the world. In order to reduce the loss of personnel and property in the process of rock engineering construction, it is necessary to evaluate the stability of rock mass and forecast engineering geological hazards. The nature of rock and the complexity of the geological environment make it difficult to evaluate the stability of rock mass theoretically and must rely on monitoring methods. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the relationship between monitoring data and the stability of surrounding rock mass to prevent the geological disasters induced by rock mass instability, to ensure the safety of mine production and to reduce the loss of personnel and property. In this paper, based on the acoustic emission test, the variation of acoustic emission monitoring information in the process of rock failure is studied, and then a rock stability evaluation method is established by using the change law. Finally, the evaluation method is applied to the stability evaluation of the boundary top column of Shirengou Iron Mine. The main work can be summed up in the following aspects: 1. The acoustic emission (AE) test of altered granitic gneiss under uniaxial compression was carried out. The variation of AE impact parameters with time during rock failure was analyzed, and the time sequence of precursor phenomena and corresponding crack evolution stage were determined. Based on the variation of wave velocity with stress under uniaxial compression, the relationship between wave velocity and stress is established. Then, the model is put into the acoustic emission event location algorithm to realize the acoustic emission event location. 3. The temporal and spatial evolution of acoustic emission events under uniaxial compression is analyzed, and the time sequence of precursor phenomena of acoustic emission events before rock failure and the corresponding crack evolution stage are determined. The parameters of acoustic emission impact before rock rupture and the precursor phenomena of acoustic emission events are analyzed and the general time sequence of these phenomena is determined. Based on the relationship between the time sequence and the stage of crack evolution, a rock stability evaluation method based on acoustic emission time series is established. The method can make a reasonable evaluation result of rock stability under uniaxial compression. The rock stability evaluation method is used to analyze the microseismic monitoring data of Shirengou iron mine, and the stability of the boundary top pillar of Shirengou iron mine in the process of open-pit to underground mining is evaluated, and the more reasonable evaluation results are also obtained.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD313

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